2015·湖北·E)
Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character，and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren't?
To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科).Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的)，and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points，perhaps in order to keep the reader's attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development, and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole，Brooks's story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.
文章大意：本文讲述了当今许多作家如布鲁克斯喜欢往他们的书里插入并不适用的科学理论，以增加书的吸引力，同时对其作品进行了评论。
9.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to________.
A.illustrate where science can be applied
B.demonstrate the value of Brooks's new book
C.remind the reader of the importance of science
D.explain why many writers use science in their works
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句及第四句可知，科学功能强大，以至于人们很容易将科学和那些与之无关的问题扯到一起，许多作家就没能抵制住科学的诱惑而往他们的书里插入科学理论。故选D项。
10.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?
A.Its strong basis. B.Its convincing points.
C.Its clear writing. D.Its memorable characters.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句及第二句可知，布鲁克斯的书缺乏创意但还能接受，公平地说，他的文章大部分很清楚，一些章节与其他章节相比脱颖而出。故一本书只要能清楚地叙述就是这本书的优势，故选C项。
11.What is the author's general attitude towards the book?
A.Contradictory. B.Supportive.
C.Cautious. D.Critical.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第四句及第五句可知，布鲁克斯对书中的主人公刻画不够深刻，部分更严重的问题在于他试图将他的故事译成科学语言。从作者的语气可看出作者对该书持批判态度，故选D项。
12.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A.Problems with the book.
B.Brooks's life experiences.
C.Death of the characters.
D.Brooks's translation skills.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第五句可知，布鲁克斯的书中部分更严重的问题在于他试图将他的故事译成科学语言，故接下来作者会阐述该书其他的问题。故选A项。
(四)由文章内容或结构判断出处
(2015·重庆·C)
Lakelander ·2 hours ago
Today，a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it，though.
Pak 50 ·57 minutes ago
Why not give it a try?Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn (号) and started to practise.
Angie O'Edema ·42 minutes ago
I don't see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Don't do to others what you wouldn't like to be done to yourself.Once，a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later，he left his seat to answer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.
Taodas ·29 minutes ago
I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.
Sophie 76 ·13 minutes ago
I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.
文章大意：本文是从论坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论，主要讲述了一位名叫Lakelander的网友在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。
13.The passenger made an apology to Angie O'Edema because ______.
A.he offered his seat to someone else
B.he spoke very loudly on his phone
C.he refused to talk with Angie
D.he ignored Angie's request
答案：B 细节理解题。由题干中出现的核心词汇Angie O'Edema得知答案在第三小节。根据...a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.说明他旁边的乘客很大声地在打电话，之后提到He realized this and apologized to me.可知他因大声打电话而道歉，故选B项。
14.Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?
A.Pak 50. B.Angie O'Edema.
C.Taodas. D.Sophie 76.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四小节第一句话I did read my newspaper out loud on a train...说明是Taodas这个人做过这件事，故答案应选C项。
15.What is the discussion mainly about?
A.How to react to bad behavior.
B.How to kill time on a train.
C.How to chat with strangers.
D.How to make a phone call.
答案：A 主旨大意题。根据文章的五个小节得知本文主旨。Laketander发起讨论，看大家对不文明行为的反应，后面几个评论皆在讨论该主题。因此，该讨论主要围绕的是人们面对不文明行为时该如何反应。故选A项。
16.Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A.A webpage. B.A newspaper.
C.A novel. D.A report.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据图片头像、网名、文章开头的Join the discussion以及每小节上的发布时间，得知这篇文章来自于网络上的一个论坛。故选A项，意为“网页”。
