(2015·重庆·D)
There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物) in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face，it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.
In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.
文章大意：本文介绍了非洲观赏野生动物的野营项目，在这个项目中，不同时间段你可以享受到不同的美景与惊喜。
9.What does the underlined word “They” refer to?
A.Flooded waters. B.Wildlife journeys.
C.Safari camps. D.Unique rides.
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据文中第二段中The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.可知此处They指代上文出现的名词camps，故选C项。
10.What does the author find most exciting about a horseback safari?
A.Seeing and feeling the real African life.
B.Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.
C.Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.
D.Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文中第三段第三句With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face...和最后一句可知选D项。
11.What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean?
A.Wild and romantic.
B.Slow and peaceful.
C.Hungry and thirsty.
D.Active and excited.
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据文中第四段的主旨句In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace...可知此处选B项。
12.The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by ______.
A.following space order B.following time order
C.making classifications D.giving examples
答案：B 推理判断题。此题考查文章结构。根据文中第三段中的The morning ride和第四段中的In the evening以及末段中的Back at the camp可知本文是根据时间顺序来展开的。故选B项。
(四)由常识，猜词义
(2015·湖北枣阳统考)
For foreigners, entering a public toilet in China can be a horrifying experience. In the 1990s, a third of all complaints to tourism officials in Beijing concerned the design, and the bad smell of public toilets.
China has battled smelly toilets for at least 2,000 years. In the Kingdom of Wei (220—266 A. D. ), visitors to the palace bathrooms would find boxes to cover their nose and ward_off unpleasant smells. Both flushing (冲水) toilets and toilet paper were invented in China, however, only for the use of the emperor.
Today Chinese scientists have claimed victory in their battle to improve public restrooms, introducing a bacterial spray that can almost get rid of all the bad smell. First, a set of six types of bacteria work to break down the smelly compounds and then a perfume made from orange skin lightly scents (使芳香) the air. The “smellfree toilet” study from the Chinese Academy of Science was declared the “ultimate” cure to an_“urgent”_national_issue.
“Five scientists have worked on this from 2011 to the beginning of this year，” said Dr. Yan Zhiying, a bacteriologist with the academy's Chengdu Institute of Biology, adding that they had spent ￡140,000 on the project.
“Some local government officials here visited a sewage (污水) plant and saw that the treatment technology had come from Japan. They wanted a homegrown solution so they asked us to work on it，” he added. “We obtained bacteria from all types of waste from humans, pigs, chicken and ducks, and we tested our compounds one by one，” he said. “The smells coming out of public toilets, or trash cans, are made up of more than 160 different compounds，” he explained, adding that their bacteria spray can change and absorb many of them.
He boasted that the Chinese formula (配方), which costs only around ￡5 per liter, has no side effects and can be used to remove any bad smell.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文，介绍的是中科院成都生物研究所发明了一种细菌喷洒剂，能够除去各种异味。
13.The underlined words “ward off” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________.
A.keep out B.take out
C.give out D.come out
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的find boxes to cover their noses可知用盒子把鼻子盖住是为了挡住难闻的气味。keep out意为“阻止……进入”，符合语境。take out意为“拿出”，give out意为“分发;发出”，come out意为“出版;被揭晓”，均不符合语境。
14.The underlined phrase “an ‘urgent’ national issue” refers to ________.
A.the treatment of sewage
B.a horrifying experience
C.the bad smell of public toilets
D.the 160 smelly compounds
答案：C 词义猜测题。全文的焦点是中国公厕的臭味难闻，现在中科院正针对这个问题进行研究，显然这个全国性的紧急问题就是厕所的臭味。故选C项。
15.Which has not been mentioned as an advantage of the bacteria spray?
A.Low price. B.No side effects.
C.Removing bad smells. D.Beautiful design.
答案：D 细节理解题。依据文章最后一段He boasted that the Chinese formula, which costs only around ￡5 per liter, has no side effects and can be used to remove any bad smell. 可知，这个除味喷剂的优点有：价格低、没有副作用、可去除臭味。文中没有提到D项(设计美观)。故选D项。
16.Which can we infer after the spray is used in toilets in China?
A.People needn't use flushing toilets.
B.A perfume is given off in the air.
C.Tourists' complaints will be reduced.
D.Bacteria break down smelly compounds.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，三分之一的游客投诉是关于公厕的臭味问题，下文讲到中科院已经研制出一种除味喷剂，可以去除厕所的异味。由此可以推断，这种喷剂在中国的公厕中喷洒后，游客的投诉应该会减少。
