第一部分 (一)确定主题句，锁定主旨
(2015·北京·D)
Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.However，social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overlyprotective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today's parents are trying to manage their children's lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However，greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context(背景)of this discussion，it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents' involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their collegeage children frequently，would this have been possible?Probably not.On the other hand，does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn't present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parents—today's grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore，studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life，today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology，we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
文章大意：科学的发展总是带来好的变化吗?其实不然。本文作者说明了与过去相比，现在的父母对孩子更加保护，这不只是因为父母的态度变化了，技术的发展也起到了推波助澜的作用。
1.The surveys inform us of________.
A.the development of technology
B.the changes of adult children's behavior
C.the parents' overprotection of their college children
D.the means and expenses of students' communication
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Surveys on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overlyprotective even after their children move into college dormitories.可知，现在的父母对于已经上了大学的孩子过度保护，这也是文章主要讨论的问题。故选C项。
2.The writer believes that________.
A.parents today are more protective than those in the past
B.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages
C.technology explains greater parental involvement with their children
D.parents' changed attitudes lead to college children's delayed independence
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，父母对孩子的过分保护与新技术的发展是有关的。故选C项。
3.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Technology or Attitude
B.Dependence or Independence
C.Family Influences or Social Changes
D.College Management or Communication Advancement
答案：A 主旨大意题。第一段是文章的中心段，点出文章的主题：导致人们行为变化的是科学的发展还是人们态度的改变。从第二段起，作者就从父母与孩子关系的今昔不同加以说明，结论是科技让一些父母对孩子过度呵护成为可能。故选A项。
(二)据篇章结构，归纳主旨
(2015·安徽·E)
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year.In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake，which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role.In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggs to guests.In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
文章大意：文章讲述了食物在不同文化中的作用。食物的意义主要体现在两个方面——增进团结和信任以及在传统佳节和重要仪式中扮演着重要角色。
4.According to the passage，sharing bread________.
A.indicates a lack of food
B.can help to develop unity
C.is a custom unique to rural areas
D.has its roots in birthday celebrations
答案：B 细节理解题。题干中的sharing bread是关键信息词。根据文章第一段第二句Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.可知，分享面包或其他食物是一个平常的传统，它能增进团结和信任。故选B项。
5.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A.Trust. B.Success.
C.Health. D.Togetherness.
答案：B 细节理解题。由题干中的关键信息词vasilopita定位到文章第三段的最后两句...people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies success...可知，人们在新年收到有硬币的蛋糕预示着成功。故选B项。
6.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ______.
A.using examples B.making comparisons
C.analyzing causes D.describing processes
答案：A 推理判断题。作者在文章的第三、四段中介绍食物的作用时，提到了美国南部、希腊、中国等不同地方的饮食文化，由此可知作者使用的是举例说明的写作手法。故选A项。
7.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The custom of sharing food.
B.The specific meaning of food.
C.The role of food in ceremonies.
D.The importance of food in culture.
答案：D 主旨大意题。文章按照总—分—总的结构展开，首段开篇明义——请客吃饭是一种交际形式，有两种基本的表现方式。中间部分分别阐述两种不同的作用，最后一段总结全文，再次阐释食物在不同文化中的重要性。故选D项。
(三)挖隐含信息，概括主旨
