单项填空
1. (2015·杭州模拟) ________ of experience made John fail in the interview, but it didn’t mean that he couldn’t find a suitable job.
A. Lacking B. Lack
C. Lacking in D. No lack
【解析】选B。句意: 缺乏经验使约翰在面试中失败了, 但这并不意味着他找不到一份合适的工作。根据句意及句子成分可知, 此处应用名词lack作主语。
【加固训练】
________ in real face-to-face communication nowadays, we communicate by telephone, cellphone and through the Internet more and more, instead.
A. Lacked B. To lack
C. Lacking D. Being lacking
【解析】选D。固定表达be lacking in在……方面缺乏, 此处的lacking为形容词, 现在分词短语作原因状语, 相当于because we are lacking in. . . 。故答案为D。
2. —Have you looked through the plan?
—Not yet. This plan is worth ________ carefully.
A. to be considered B. being consideredC. to consider D. considering
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。答句句意: 还没有。这项计划值得仔细考虑。be worth后面跟动名词的主动形式, 表示被动意义。因此用considering。
【加固训练】
—Have you looked through the plan?
—Not yet. This plan is ________ careful consideration.
A. worth B. worthy
C. worthwhile D. valuable
【解析】选A。考查固定表达。be worth sth. 表示“值得……”, 相当于be worthy of sth. 。故答案为A。
3. As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ________ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.
A. primary B. alternative
C. instant D. unique
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。alternative有“可选择的, 可替代的”之意, 符合句意。primary首要的, 初期的; instant立即的, 迅速的; unique独特的。
4. (2015·绍兴模拟)All possible means ________ to protect this kind of animals in danger up to now.
A. have been tried B. were tried
C. was tried D. has been tried
【解析】选A。考查时态和主谓一致。句意: 到目前为止, 所有可能的保护这种濒危动物的方法都已经试过了。由up to now可知句子为现在完成时, 排除B和C选项。主语为All possible means, 谓语动词用复数形式。
5. (2015·苏州联考) ________ not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.
A. Being reminded B. To remind
C. Having reminded D. Reminded【解析】选D。考查过去分词作状语。句意: 尽管被提醒不要酒后开车, 一些司机仍然心存侥幸, 这十分危险。remind和其逻辑主语some drivers是动宾关系, 也就是说, 司机是被提醒的, 故用过去分词作状语。
【加固训练】
(2015·南京模拟)In our childhood, we were often ________ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
A. demanded B. reminded
C. allowed D. hoped
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: 在我们童年时期, 我们常常被奶奶提醒注意餐桌礼仪。demand要求; remind提醒; allow允许; hope希望。
6. The media can often help solve problems and ________ attention to situations ________ help is needed.
A. take; which B. draw; where
C. pay; that D. draw; /
【解析】选B。考查动词短语和定语从句。句意: 媒体能帮助解决问题, 常常把注意力吸引到需要帮助的地方。draw attention to吸引注意力到……; situation, case等作先行词时后边若缺少地点状语, 常用where引导定语从句。pay attention to意为“关注, 注意”, 与句意不符。
7. (2015·杭州模拟)If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll ________ sooner or later.
A. break down B. break up
C. break out D. break off
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 如果George一直这么努力工作, 他身体迟早会垮掉的。break down垮掉, 崩溃, 抛锚; break up分手, 解体; break out爆发; break off折断。
8. The teacher always tells her students that only if ________ hard ________ achieve success.
A. do they work; will they B. do they work; they will
C. they work; will they D. they work; they will
【解析】选C。考查倒装。句意: 老师总是告诉学生们只有他们努力学习才可以获得成功。that后是宾语从句, only if位于句首时, 主句的谓语动词用部分倒装语序, 在that引导的宾语从句中they will achieve success是主句, 故答案选C。
【加固训练】
________ both sides accept these terms will everlasting peace be established in this region.
A. Unless B. As long as
C. If only D. Only if
【解析】选D。考查倒装的用法。句意: 只有双方都接受了这些条款, 这个地区才能建立永久的和平。unless除非; as long as只要; if only要是……就好了, 后常用虚拟语气; only if只要, 而选项中只有only if位于句首时, 主句才可用部分倒装结构。
【拓展延伸】
as long as与only if的用法区别
(1)基本用法的差别
①as long as有两个意思, 一是用于本义, 意为“与……一样长(久)”, 在否定句中, 也可说成(not)so long as; 二是用于引申义, 表示“只要”, 也可说成so long as(肯定句、否定句和疑问句)。例如:
This river is as long as that one.
这条河与那条河一样长。
As long as it doesn’t rain we can go.
只要不下雨, 我们就可以去。
②only if可视为if的加强说法, 即其中的only是修饰if从句的, 意为“只有在条件下”。例如:
I’ll tell you, but only if you don’t tell anyone else.
我可以告诉你, 但条件是你不能告诉其他任何人。
(2)语气上的差别
从语气上看, only if的语气要比as long as强, as long as通常只是用于提出一个条件; 而only if则通常暗示它是主句内容的唯一条件。
As long as you do your best, we’ll be satisfied.
只要你尽全力, 我们就满意了。
We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight.我们全队只有人人各尽所能才能取得成功。
(3)语序上的差别
既可从句置于主句之后, 也可置于主句之前。但是, 当only if引导的状语从句置于主句之前时, 其后的主句要用倒装语序, 而as long as引导的从句置于主句之前则不用倒装。例如:
As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.
只要不下雨, 我们就能玩。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
只有得到教师的允许, 学生才可以进这间屋。
