考点一、反意疑问句的主语一致
【考例1】
There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ______?
A. is there B. isn’t there
C. is he D. isn’t he
解析:A2】
If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, ______?
A. do you B. don’t you
C. is it D. isn’t it
解析:C。当陈述部分的主语是this,that时,附加疑问句的主语用it;陈述部分的主语是these,those时,附加疑问句的主语用they;当陈述部分的主语为everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, no one, nobody等不定代词时,附加疑问句的主语通常用they,也可用he;陈述部分的主语是one (表示人)时,附加疑问句的主语是one或he。
考点二、陈述句为复合句的情况
【考例1】
It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it
C. don’t they D. do they
解析:B。主句的主语和谓语是It doesn’t…,因此附加疑问句采用does it?形式。陈述部分为复合句时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语一般和主句的主语和谓语相对应。
【考例2】
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ______?
A. do I B. will they
C. don’t I D. won’t they
解析:B。当陈述部分是“I (don’t) suppose/ think/ believe/ imagine/ expect等+宾语从句”时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意否定的转移问题。句中I don’t suppose为否定转移,所以附加疑问部分应用肯定形式。
【考例3】
I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ______?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you
C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
解析:BI’m sure that; I’m afraid that;We are sure that; I feel sure that ,
考点三、反意疑问句的助动词
【考例1】
You didn’t use to like him much when we were at school, ______?
A. were we B. weren’t we
C. did you D. didn’t you
解析:C。附加疑问句是由助动词和代词构成。使用助动词的一般原则是:使用陈述句部分的助动词或连系动词be。如果陈述句部分没有助动词,则应添加一个助动词。
补充:陈述部分谓语为used to…时,附加疑问部分用usedn’t或didn’t。
【考例2】
Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ______ she?
A. had B. did
C. hadn’t D. didn’t
解析:Dhad在句中为实义动词,“使某事物予以处理”。
(1) 当陈述部分中的谓语动词是have(非助动词), have“拥有”时,have (has, had)或助动词与主语相一致。如:He has a sister, hasn’t /doesn’t he? 他有一个姐姐,不是吗?(2) 当have用于其他含义时,附加疑问句中只能使用助动词。如上题所示。
【考例3】
He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ______?
A. is he B. isn’t he
C. must he D. mustn’t he
解析:B。句中must表推测。
当陈述部分含有must时,分两种情况:
(1)若must表示推测,附加疑问句一般根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。如:
He must work very hard, doesn’t he? ,?
They must be playing football, aren’t they? ,?
“must+完成式”时,haven’t/hasn’t。若句中出现了过去时间状语,则常用didn’t。如:
He must have seen the film, hasn’t he? 他一定看过那部电影,对吧?
It must have rained last night, didn’t it? 昨晚一定下雨了,对吧?
must表示推测时,附加疑问句有时也采用mustn’t...形式,如:He must have left, mustn’t he? 他一定离开了,是不是?
(2) must表示“必须”时,附加问句通常要用needn’t或mustn’t。如:
They must clean the floor, mustn’t / needn’t they? 他们必须擦地板,是不是?
当must表示“不允许”时,则可以用must或may 构成反意疑问句。如:
We mustn’t be late, must/may we? 我们不许迟到,是不是?
考点四、陈述部分含否定词的反意疑问句
【考例1】
Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______?
A. hasn’t she B. has she
C. isn’t she D. is she
解析:B(如hardly, seldom, rarely, little, few, nobody, no, not, never 等)时,
【考例2】
You and I could hardly work together, ______?
A. could you B. couldn’t I
C. couldn’t we D. could we
解析:D。陈述部分含有否定副词hardly。
注:带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义,但含有这种词的句子仍被看作是肯定句。附加疑问句部分仍然用否定形式。如:She looked unhappy after reading the letter, didn’t she? 1】
When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ______?
A. do you B. don’t you
C. will you D. won’t you
解析:C(1)当陈述部分是肯定祈使句时,will you / won’t you?can you / can’t you? / would you? / could you? (2)当陈述部分是否定祈使句时,附加疑问句部分常用will you?或can you?
【考例2】
We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ______?
A. do you B. can we
C. will you D. shall we
解析:C(1)Let us… will you? 结构中,us(常表请求);(2) Let’s/Let us… shall we? 结构中,“”包括说话人与听话人(常表建议)。此题属于第一种情况(表请求)。
补充:祈使句的主语为第三人称时,附加疑问句的主语既可用you,也可用they。
Somebody open this door, will you? / will they? 谁来开开门,好吗?