状语从句是副词性从句,它在句子中担任状语,修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面,状语从句可以分为以下九种。
1、时间状语从句
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、 让步状语从句
9、 比较状语从句
1、时间状语从句。
我们刚到车站,火车就走了。 |
时,从句为过去时, | ||
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 |
如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时语气强, 而且主句的谓语要用 | ||
部分倒装。 | |||
every time, by the time, |
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 我每次乘船都晕船。 |
在时间状语从句中, 不能用将来时或过去 | |
the moment 等 |
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌,就感到很愉快。 |
将来时,而要用现在 时或过去时代替将来 | |
Next time you come ,you’ll see him. 下次你来的时候,就会见到他。 |
时。 | ||
地点状语从句 |
where |
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。 |
where 与 wherever 意 义基本相同,但后者 |
wherever |
Where there is water there is life. 哪里有水,哪里就有生命。 |
语气较强,多用于书 面语。 | |
You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。 |
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Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 |
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原因状语从句 |
because |
I came back late yesterday because I was on duty. 昨天我回来晚了,因为我值班。 |
because 用来回答 why 的问题,语气最强一 般放在主句之后 |
since |
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。 |
since 表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句 首 |
种类 |
从属连句 |
例 句 |
说 明 |
原因状语从句 |
as |
As he didn’t know much English, he looked |
从句常放在句首,说明 |
up the word in the dictionary . 由于他英语懂得不多,他在字典中查阅这 |
原因,主句说明结果, 常用于口语中。 | ||
个单词。 |
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now that, |
Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we |
seeing (that), now that 和 since, as 意义相似, 他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,that 可以省去。 。 | |
seeing that |
can start our journey. 鉴于天气已经晴朗,我们可以启程了。 | ||
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for | |||
the doctor. 鉴于他病情严重,我们派人去请医生去了 | |||
目的状语从句 |
that |
I shall write down your telephone number |
目的状语从句中常用情 |
so that |
that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。 We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge |
态动词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在 动词之前,从句往往放 | |
for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判 |
在主句之后,主从句之 间不用任何标点符号 | ||
断。 |
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in order |
They worked harder than usual in order that |
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that |
they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作,为了能提前完 |
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成工作。 |
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lest = for |
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) |
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fear that |
you should catch cold. 多穿点衣服,以免患感冒。 |
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结果状 |
so that |
We turned up the radio, so that everyone |
so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句。 so…that 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词。 |
heard the news. 我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了 | |||
新闻。 | |||
so…that |
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a | ||
word. 他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。 |
种类 |
从属连词 |
例 句 |
说 明 |
让步 状 |
as |
Child as he is , he knows a lot . 虽然他是一个孩子,但他懂得很多。 Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors. 虽然天气冷,但孩子们仍在户外玩。 |
as 引出的状语从句多用于书面语,它比用 though 或 although 引导的从句,语气强,更有表现力,从句常放在句 首,语序部分倒装。 |
no matter (who, |
Do it no matter what others say. 不管别人怎么说,尽管干。 |
no matter … … 与 who-ever 引导的让步状 |
种类 |
从属连句 |
例 句 |
说 明 |
比较状语从句 |
the more … the more |
The more you read, the better you understand. 你看的书越多,你懂得的就越多。 |
the more…the more 意思为越…越…,通常的语序为从句在前主句在 |
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多,你的收入也越多。 |
后,这两个 the 都是表示程度的副词,用在比 较级的形容词或副词前 | ||
The harder you work, the greater progress |
面。 | ||
you will make. 你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。 |
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The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 |
句子意思明显,句子的 主语和动词都可省略。 | ||
The warmer, the better. 越暖和越好。 |
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特殊形式的状语从句 |
that |
We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China . 我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。 I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner. 很抱歉,我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。 I am afraid that I can’t go with you. 恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 |
that 引导的从句,往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面,从句概念上看是宾语,所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句,但结构上看,也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句,用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从 句的连词常常被省略。 |