2018年学位英语考试自测习题及答案（17）

2018年学位英语考试自测习题及答案（17）

　　Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)

　　Passage 1

　　Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:

　　Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna(天线). But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health said at a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer. “What we showed is glucose (葡萄糖) metabolism(代谢)(a sign of brain activity) increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna,” said Dr. Nora Volkow of the NIH, whose study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. (76) The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals。

　　Volkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagnetic radiation(电磁辐射) from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer. “This study does not in any way indicate that. What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures。” Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early 1980s, with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide。

　　Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers, but a large study bu the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this. Volkow’s team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phone was on。

　　(77)Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. “ Although the biological significance, if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown, the results require further investigation,” Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U.S. and Dr. Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden, wrote in an article in JAMA. “Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects。” They wrote。

　　1、According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　A.、Cell phone use is dangerous。

　　B、Cell phone use causes cancer。

　　C、The human brain is an electromagnetic field。

　　D、There are about 5 billion cell phone users in the world right now。

　　答案：此类题目我们有三种方法处理：一、暂时搁置在这里，后面的题目肯定会给我们有关信息;二、利用常识解题法排除部分选项;三、带着选项关键词一目一行在原文中猎寻有用信息。

　　选项A与B选项里有常识解题法可以排除，因为手机的辐射是对身体有所危害，但离A与B选项所说的严重性远远不够，否则全世界能够人手一手机?太吓人了，应该说是“可能”;

　　C选项“人脑是一个电磁场”，这样的论调闻所未闻，可以排除。

　　答案是D。带着D选项内容一目一行，定位在第二段最后一句话。

　　2、Doctor Volkow was astonished because ______。

　　A、her research has shed light on her understanding of cell phone

　　B、she found that cell phone exposure is harmful to human brain

　　C、she found that using a cell phone for about 50 minutes could influence or change brain activity

　　D、human brain is not responsive to electromagnetic radiation

　　答案：B选项可以排除，手机的辐射对人脑的危害，这个说法已经早有定论，完全没有必要她去“found”，马后炮是也;我们反向思维一下，作者在手机使用已经相当相当普及的今天，还具文提及手机辐射的危害，那么说明她一定是有“与众不同的论调，发现”，同时题干也提及是“astonished”，而非一般的surprise，

　　一目一行浏览选项，我们发现只有C选项，才能与题干的astonished 相吻合，答案是C。

　　D选项“人脑对电磁辐射无动于衷”利用常识排除。

　　认证答案：带着关键词“Volkow astonished”一目一行定位答案范围：第二段第一句。定位句说：这微弱的电磁辐射可能影响人的大脑活动，但…...答案是C。

　　如果您对选项中的50 minutes 感到怀疑的话，请你一目一行带着50 minutes 去猎寻，第一段第一句。(说明是长时间的使用，对人的危害大)。

　　3、According to the passage, cell phones were launched _______。

　　A、in the late 1970s B. between 1980 and 1985

　　C、in the late 1980s D. in the early 1990s

　　答案：此类题目您当然得带着选项关键词或内容去原文中一目一行猎寻。此题目带着数字即可。定位答案范围：第二段最后一句话。

　　In the early 1980s 与B选项相吻合。答案是B。

　　4、What does the word “that” stand for in the second paragraph?

　　A. Brain activity。

　　B. Her research findings。

　　C、The fact that cell phone use may cause cancer。

　　D.、Her research progress。

　　一网支招：此类题目请你找到划线词语后，那么答案信息就在划线词语的附近，千万别自作聪明，费力不讨好而舍近求远，反而误选答案。

　　That 是一个远指代词，即它指代的东西前面一定已经出现了，同时句子中还出现了this，说明信息就在前面一句话。“whether cell phone cause cancer”就是她的study。答案是C。

　　5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?

　　A. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Harmful? B. Cell Phone Radiati0n: Is It Useful?

　　C. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Healthy? D. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Weak?

　　答案：通过以上题目所提供的信息，我们已经对文章大意已经有所了解了：手机的危害。与此相吻合的选项是A。答案是A。

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

　　Human beings have always had an ability to attend to several things at once. (78) Nor is electronic multitasking entirely new: We’ve been driving while listening to car radios since they became popular in the 1930s. but there is no doubt that multitasking has reached a kind of warp speed in the era of Web-enabled computers, when it has become routine to conduct several IM(及时通讯)conversations, watch TV and use the computer all at once。

　　But what’s the impact of this media consumption? And how are these multitasking devices changing how kids learn, reason and communicate with one another ?Social scientists and educators are just beginning to deal with these questions, but the researchers already have some strong opinions。

　　(79)Although multitasking kids may be better prepared in some ways for today’s fast-paced work placed, Many scientists are positively alarmed by the trend。 Kids that are instant messaging while doing homework, playing games online and watching TV, aren’t going to do well in the long run。

　　On the positive side, multitasking students tend to be extraordinarily good at finding and using information. And probably because modern childhood centers around visual(视觉的)rather than print media, they are especially skilled at analyzing visual data and images。

　　Many educators and psychologists say parents need to actively ensure that their teenagers break free of uncontrollable engagement with screens and spend time in the physical company of human beings—a growing challenge not just because technology offers such a handy option but because so many teenagers and college students say overcommitted(任务过量的)schedules drives much of their multitasking。

　　Just as important is for parents and educator to teach kids that it’s valuable, even essential, to occasionally slow down, unplugs and take time to enjoy life beyond the screen。

　　6. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. How is multitasking define (定义)in the information age?

　　.B、w do people see new technology and the social change it brings about?

　　C. How does technology change modern family life?

　　D. What’s the impact of multitasking on young people?

　　答案：此类题目请你暂时搁置在这里。通过完成下面的题目，所获得的信息，会对文章大意的理解有所帮助的。

　　7. The expression “warp speed” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to____。

　　A. Low speed B. Too much time alone。

　　C. high speed D、steady speed

　　答案：_____speed(速度)，如果您的眼睛足够麻利，您一定会发现原文中的关键词“computers”，电脑，那在我们的常识中是“高速度”的代名词。答案我们就可大胆填入C。

　　认证答案：句子大意：毫无疑问，在互联网时代，多任务处理已经达到了_____，现在人们已经习惯同时开启多个即时聊天窗口，又看电视，又玩电脑。可知，一个人同时做这些事情，速度当然不能不快，答案是C。

　　8. According to some teenagers and college students ,what causes their multitasking?

　　A. Overcommitted schedules B. Too much time alone

　　C. Inability to focus D. Fear of being neglected

　　答案：什么引起了青少年和大学生的mutitasking“多任务处理”。如果在此能够知道什么是mutitasking 就好了(第一段第一句就有解释：人类有一种在同一时间处理几件事情的能力，那我们是否就可以理解为中文的“分心”这个词语的意思)。我们反向思维，什么原因引起人们“分心”“一心二用”。利用我们的常识，想做的事情多了，自然而然就分心了。答案是A。

　　认证答案：带着关键词teenageres and college students 一目一行定位答案范围：倒数第二段最后一句话。

　　定位句中的drive 就是题干中的cause 的同义转述。

　　9. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?

　　A. Humans have begun to engage in the multitasking behaviors since the information age。

　　B. Multitasking is a critical skill that students are required to learn at school。

　　C. Only parents can help their kids to get rid of the multitasking habits。

　　D. multitasking may prepare students for the reality of today’s fast-paces work environment。

　　答案：A选项“自从信息时代，人们就已经开始“分心”，其实分心应该早于信息时代，准确地说，原始社会就有了。(认证答案：第一段第二句，in the 1930s)，可以排除;B选项毫无疑问得排除;C选项的“only”这个词语告诉我们，此选项太绝对，信息是错误的，排除。答案是D。

　　D选项与第三段第一句相吻合。

　　10. What do educators and psychologist advise parents to do their multitasking kids?

　　A. To cut off home internet connection。

　　B. To seek medical treatment。

　　C. To encourage their kids to have some social life。

　　D. to help their kids to set personal goals

　　答案：利用常识排除A与B选项;带着关键词“educators and psychologist advised” 一目一行定位答案范围：最后一段。

　　定位句说：……take time to enjoy life …..答案是C“鼓励孩子参加社会活动”。

　　原文中的teach 就是题干中advised 的同义转述。

　　别忘了，返回去完成第六小题。根据以上题目的完成，我们已经明白了文章大意，mutitasking 分心的原因及解决办法。前面几道题目都提及了mutitasking(出现的频率太高)，利用切题解题法，我们知道，文章应该与mutitasking 有关。排除B与C选项;

　　A选项范围太狭隘，可以排除;答案是D“mutitasking 分心对年轻人的影响”。