可数名词的复数形式
1.直接在词尾加-s,如 desks, maps, cats, pens cars, farms
2.以-s, -x, -ch, sh结尾的词加-es :glasses, classes, buses, boxes, foxes, watches, matches, brushes, dishes(例外:stomachs 胃)
3.以-O 结尾的词:
Negroes, heres, potatoes, tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es);
photos, pianos, kilos, radios, zoos studios(无生命的名词加-es)
4.辅音字母+y 结尾的,把y 变为i再加es :
city-cities, story-stories, baby-babies, dictionary-dictionaries,
factory- factories, fly- flies, diary-diaries
但是,元音字母+y——直接+s toy——toys
5.以 -f, -fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe 再加 ves:
knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, wolf-wolves,
thief-thieves, leaf-leaves
例外:roof-roofs屋顶, belief-beliefs信仰, gulf-gulfs海湾
safe-safes, handkerchief-handker chiefs手帕
6.特殊变化:
man-men woman→woman
child→children, tooth→teeth,
goose→geese鹅 foot→feet,
mouse→mice, looker-on→lookers-on 旁观者
passer-by→passers-by过路人,
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑,
man-doctor→men doctors,
woman-doctor→women doctors;
fish, deer, Chinese, sheep单复数同形。
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