2017年12月英语六级翻译考试试题：清朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　清朝

　　清朝(1616-1912年)也称“大清国”和“大清国”，是中国历史上最后一个君主制王朝，由满族(女真族)统治。1616年努尔哈赤建立“后金”，1636年皇太极改国号为“清”。清朝历经276年11位皇帝，君主专制发展到顶峰，疆域最广时总面积约1316万平方千米，晚清1908年缩水至1135万平方千米。1840年鸦片战争后遭多国列强入侵，主权和领土丧失严重。1911年辛亥革命后清帝颁布退位诏书，清朝灭亡。至此，中国2132年的帝制历史终结。

　　参考译文

　　The Qing Dynasty

　　The Qing Dynasty (1616-1912), also known as the "Great Qing State", or "Great Qing of China", is the last monarchic dynasty in Chinese history established and governed by the Manchu people (Jurchens). In 1616, Nurhaci established the "Later Jin", which was changed into "Qing" by Hong Taiji in 1636. The Qing Dynasty lasted 276 years with 11 emperors, with the autocratic monarchy reaching to its peak. It boasted a total area of the territory of about 13,160,000 square kilometers at most, which declined to 11,350,000 square kilometers in 1908, the late Qing Dynasty. After the Opium War in 1840, it suffered the aggressions of many powers accompanied by serious loss of sovereignty and territories. In 1911, after the Revolution of 1911, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty issued a decree to abdicate, which put an end to the Qing Dynasty and of China’s 2,132 years of monarchic history.

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