2016年英语四级背诵经典短文二（含译文）

　　The Definition of "Price"

　　Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by

　　which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among

　　buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed

　　of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as

　　well as those of a myriad of services, including labor,

　　professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The

　　interrelationships of all these prices make up the

　　"system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is

　　linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems

　　to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group

　　of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that

　　price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or

　　service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a

　　product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This

　　definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete

　　understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than

　　the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller

　　should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and

　　quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at

　　which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of

　　money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the

　　transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return

　　privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should

　　be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being

　　exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may

　　evaluate a given price.

　　"价格"的定义 价格决定资源的使用方式。 价格也是有限的产品与服务在买方中的配给 手段。

　　美国的价格系统是复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括 名目繁多的各种服务，诸如劳动力、专职人员、交通运输、公共事业等服务的价格。

　　所有 这些价格的内在联系构成了价格系统。 任何一种个别产品或服务的价格都与这个庞大而复

　　杂的系统密切相关，而且或多或少地受到系统中其它成份的制约。如果随机挑选一群人，问

　　问他们如何定义"价格"，许多人会回答价格就是根据卖方提供的产品或服务，买方向其付出 的钱数。

　　换句话说，价格就是市场交易中大家认同的产品或服务的货币量。 该定义就其本 身来说自有其道理。

　　但要获得对价格在任何一桩交易中的完整认识，就必须考虑到大量" 非货币"因素的影响。 买卖双方不但要清楚交易中的钱数，而且要非常熟悉交易物的质量和

　　数量，交易的时间、地点，采用哪种形式付款，有怎样的缓付和优惠，对交易物的质量保证、 交货条款、退赔权利等等。

　　也就是说，为了能估算索价，买卖双方必须通晓构成交易物价 格的通盘细节。