2016年英语四级翻译真题及答案：水资源短缺

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　中国的供水与卫生情况正在经历一次大规模转型，同时也面临着许多挑战，诸如快速城市化、贫富差距和城乡差距扩大等。水资源短缺和水污染也给中国带来极大的挑战。随着社会的发展，人类对水的需求不断增加，但可以供人类使用的水资源却急剧减少。水资源危机所带来的生态系统恶化的问题严重威胁着人类的生存。如何更有效地利用水资源，推进水资源的可持续开发和保护，已经成为世界各国共同面对的紧迫问题。

　　参考译文:

　　Water supply and sanitation in China is undergoing a massive transition,while facing numerous challenges such as rapid urbanization,a widening gap between the rich and poor as well as urban and rural areas.Water scarcity and water pollution in China also pose great challenges.With the development of the society,people's demand for water has been constantly increasing,but the water resource available for human is sharply decreasing.The deterioration of ecosystem brought about by the water resource crisis threatens human's existence seriously.How to make use of the water resource more effectively and promote the sustainable development and protection of water resource has become an urgent problem that all the countries in the world face.

　　1.水资源短缺和水污染也给中国带来极大的挑战:需注意其中动词“带来”的译法，可译为bring about和pose,但pose更适合严肃正式的文体，其表示“造成、招致”时，后面一般接表示威胁、危险、挑战等消极意义的词。如:pose athreat,pose a problem等。

　　2.水资源危机所带来的生态系统恶化的问题严重威胁着人类的生存:关键在于“生态系统恶化的问题”的定语“水资源危机所带来的”的译法。参考译文中使用过去分词做后置定语，代替定语从句，显得更为简洁。