2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案WORD版

　　2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案WORD版

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage one

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

　　Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.

　　For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.

　　Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

　　It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

　　Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

　　The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).

　　One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

　　If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

　　The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

　　46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?

　　A)It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.

　　B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.

　　C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

　　D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.

　　47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?

　　A)They are aggressive.

　　B)They are outgoing.

　　C)They are ignorant.

　　D)They are ill-bred.

　　48.How do robots learn human values?

　　A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

　　B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

　　C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

　　D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.

　　49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?

　　A)keep a distance from possible dangers.

　　B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.

　　C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.

　　D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.

　　50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?

　　A)Determine what is moral and ethical.

　　B)Design some large-scale experiments.

　　C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.

　　D)Develop a more sophisticated program.

　　参考答案：

　　46. 正确选项C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

　　47. 正确选项 D. They are ill-bred.

　　48. 正确选项 C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

　　49. 正确选项 D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.

　　Passage two

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　　参考答案：

　　46. B. It weakens in one’s later years.

　　47. D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　48. C. They function quite well even in old age.

　　49. D. can put what they have learnt into more effective use.

　　50. A. find ways to slow down our mental decline.

　　答案解析：

　　46. B. It weakens in one’s later years.

　　解析：从原文第一段declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, “心智功能衰退经常被看做是老年人的问题”，可以看出B是正确答案。

　　47. D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　解析：从原文第一段but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood , a new study suggests. “但是一项新的研究表明，大脑的某些功能在人们年轻的时候就开始衰退”，可以看出D是正确选项。

　　48. C. They function quite well even in old age.

　　解析：从原文第五段中原句Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. “根据研究人员Timothy Salthouse的说法，大多数人的心智功能在他们晚年依然保持高水平工作”，可以看出C是正确选项。

　　50. D. can put what they have learnt into more effective use.

　　解析：从原文第六段中原句but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases. “但是只要一个人没有疾病，那么这个人拥有的知识量，以及把知识和能力结合在一起的效率，可能会在整个成年时期增加”可以看出D是正确选项。

　　50. A. find ways to slow down our mental decline.

　　解析：从原文倒数第二段中原句We gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.“我们更加了解认知变化，而且可能会发现减缓衰退的方法”，可以看出A是正确选项。

　　50. 正确选项 A. Determine what is moral and ethical.

　　Passage three

　　这篇阅读理解的主题是关于长寿的研究，全文共计6个自然段。

　　51. 答案：A to see whether people’s personality affects their life span 研究人们的性格是否会影响长寿

　　解析：题目问在这本期刊(the Journal of American Geriatrics Society)中刊登的本次研究的目的是什么?根据题干中的已知信息回文定位在第一段，通读本段，发现答案应来自本段第四句与第五句。第四句说某种性格会有助于长寿吗?第五句说，在the Journal of American Geriatrics Society 这本期刊中刊登了一项新的研究就这个问题进行了探索(原文的this question 指的就是第四句这个问句)，研究了246个人的性格特点，而在246个人的父母都是百岁老人。可见本次研究的目的就是通过研究百岁老人其子女的性格特点，来解答性格与长寿之间是否存在某种关联。

　　52. 答案：D They are more likely to get over hardship. 他们克服困难的可能性更多。

　　解析：题目问对于外向的人和有同情心的人，作者暗示了什么?根据题干中的已知信息回文定位在第二段，通读本段，本段共计3句话。第一句的大意是说该研究表明长寿的人和其他人相比，大多是性格更加外向、更积极主动而且没那么神经质。第二句大意是说长寿的女性和拥有正常寿命的女性比较起来更富有同情心，也更具有合作精神。第三句说上述这两项研究结果也与进化理论的观点一直，那就是喜欢交朋友的人和乐于助人的人能够获得足够的资源来让自己渡过难关。喜欢交朋友就是前文说的外向，乐于助人是因为有同情心，所以答案应该选D。C选项 They generally appear more resourceful他们总是变现得更加足智多谋。resourceful 形容人的时候表明人是机智的，足智多谋的，和资源没有关系。可见，词汇仍然是基础。

　　53. 答案：C Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity. 诸如自律这样的性格特点对长寿没有影响。

　　解析：题目问这次研究中让人意外的研究结果是什么?根据题干回文定位到第三段。通读全段。该段大意为：但是有趣的是，人们观念里认为有助于长寿的那些性格特点反而对实验对象是不是可能长寿没有任何影响。例如，那些更能进行自我约束的人也没有比其他人更长寿的可能。同样的，善于接受新鲜事物也与长寿没关系，这也可能解释了有一些坏脾气的了，老年人就是江山易改本性难移。可见，这次研究表明自我约束(自律)等人们以前认为对长寿本应该有帮助的性格特点其实与长寿没什么关系，所以答案选C。

　　54. 答案 D Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.母亲负面的性格特点可能影响子女的寿命

　　解析：题目问最近一次对于挪威母亲的研究表明了什么?根据题干关键字回文定位到第五段。第五段说然而在另一项研究中表明母亲的性格也可能影响其子女是否长寿。该研究的被试为28，000名挪威母亲，研究发现那些更易焦虑、抑郁和发怒的母亲更有可能让其子女的饮食不健康，而童年时期的饮食习惯很难在成年时打破所以这就意味着抑郁的母亲所生的孩子可能无法长寿。可见母亲的性格特点如果是负面的，就会影响到子女的寿命，所以选D。

　　55. 答案 B Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health. 长寿是心身健康的共同产物。

　　解析：题目问从文中的两项研究中我们能得知什么?根据题目定位在最后一段。最后一段说性格决定命运，而且每个人都知道可以学着去改变。但是这两个研究都表明了长寿不只需要身体健康，也需要心理健康。也就是说想长寿，既要有一个好身体，也要有一个健康积极的心态，所以答案选B。