近日，国家统计局更新了31省份2021年上半年居民人均可支配收入数据，并发布了上半年31省份居民人均消费支出数据。
China's per capita disposable income stood at 17,642 yuan in the first half of the year, up 12.6 percent from the same period last year in nominal terms, official data showed. After deducting price factors, per capita disposable income rose 12 percent year on year.
官方数据显示，上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入17642元，同比名义增长12.6%。扣除价格因素影响，实际增长12%。
【知识点】
居民可支配收入(disposable income)，指居民可用于最终消费支出和储蓄(consumption expenditures and savings)的总和，即居民可用于自由支配的收入，既包括现金收入，也包括实物收入。
国家统计局表示，
The higher growth rate was mainly affected by the low base in the first half of last year.
增幅较高，主要是受去年上半年低基数影响。
Separately, urban per capita disposable income came in at 24,125 yuan, up 11.4 percent in nominal terms, and 10.7 percent in real terms, while income in rural areas stood at 9,248 yuan, up 14.6 percent in nominal terms, and 14.1 percent in real terms.
分城乡看，城镇居民人均可支配收入24125元，同比名义增长11.4%，扣除价格因素，实际增长10.7%;农村居民人均可支配收入9248元，同比名义增长14.6%，扣除价格因素，实际增长14.1%。
居民消费支出情况
Chinese per capita nominal consumer spending rose 18 percent year on year to 11,471 yuan in the first half of the year. After factoring in price levels, spending went up 17.4 percent year on year.
上半年，全国居民人均消费支出11471元，比上年同期名义增长18.0%，扣除价格因素，实际增长17.4%。
Besides Shanghai and Beijing, seven other provinces and municipalities, including Zhejiang, Tianjin, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Chongqing and Hubei, have all registered higher consumer spending than the national average.
上海、北京、浙江、天津、广东、江苏、福建、重庆、湖北9省份人均消费超全国平均水平。
具体来看，上海、北京人均消费均超2万元。其中上海最能花，人均消费23644元;北京紧随其后，人均消费21564元。
2021年3月6日，消费者在超市浏览商品。(图片来源：东方IC)
居民的钱都花在哪儿了?
居民消费支出(consumer spending)包括食品烟酒(food, tobacco and alcohol)、衣着(clothing)、居住(housing)、生活用品及服务(daily necessities and services)、交通通信(transportation and communication)、教育文化娱乐(education, culture and entertainment)、医疗保健(healthcare)以及其他用品及服务八大类。
In the first half of the year, per capita expenditure on food, tobacco and alcohol was 3,536 yuan, accounting for the largest proportion at 30.8% of the national per capita consumption expenditures.
上半年，全国居民人均消费支出中，食品烟酒消费人均花销达3536元;占比最高，为30.8%。
【词汇讲解】
在经济类以及数据统计类报道中，每当提及“人均”，我们就会看到per capita这个表达，其实这是一个拉丁语，表示“per person”(每人)。我们经常在报道中看到的相关表达有：人均国内生产总值(per capita gross domestic product)以及本文开头提到的“人均可支配收入”( per capita disposable income)等。
Per capita living consumption in the first half of the year was 2,649 yuan, accounting for 23.1% of the per capita consumption expenditure, second to that of food, tobacco and alcohol.
上半年人均居住消费支出2649元，占人均消费支出的比重为23.1%，人均消费支出占比仅次于食品烟酒。
Spending on education, culture and entertainment remained the fastest-growing area in per capita expenditures, with an increase of 68.5 percent year-on-year, far more than other sectors.
教育文化娱乐消费的增长最快，增速68.5%;遥遥 领先于其他支出类别。
【相关词汇】
全国居民人均可支配收入
per capita disposable income of both urban and rural residents
居民消费价格
consumer price index， CPI
城镇调查失业率
surveyed urban unemployment rate
个人所得税起征点
the threshold for individual income tax
收入分配制度改革
reform of the income distribution system
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