非洲：寻求普惠增长之路（节选）
The Pursuit of Inclusive Growth in Africa
国际货币基金组织副总裁 张涛
Zhang Tao, IMF Deputy Managing Director
金砖国家峰会
BRICS Summit
2018年7月24日，南非
South Africa, July 24, 2018
二、撒哈拉以南非洲——取得重大进展
II. Sub-Saharan Africa – significant progress
在探讨撒哈拉以南非洲地区如何实现更光明的未来之前，让我们先看看本地区已经取得的成就。过去二十年里，本地区在改善经济和社会条件方面取得了重大进展。
Before we look at how to secure a brighter future for the region, let’s step back for a moment to see how far it has come. Over the last two decades, the region has made great progress in improving economic and social conditions.
例如，本地区的实际人均收入平均增长了50%。特别是，莫桑比克、安哥拉和卢旺达的人均收入翻了一番，埃塞俄比亚的人均收入增长了两倍。这些都是显著的成就。
For instance, real per capita incomes have risen 50 percent on average in the region. Importantly, per capita income doubled in Mozambique, Angola and Rwanda, and tripled in Ethiopia. These are remarkable gains.
与此同时，婴儿死亡率大幅下降。整个地区每千名活产婴儿死亡数从108下降到了55。安哥拉、马拉维、利比里亚和卢旺达等国的改善程度最大。
At the same time, infant mortality rates fell dramatically – from 108 to 55 per 1000 live births for the region as a whole. Countries like Angola, Malawi, Liberia and Rwanda saw the largest improvements.
这一期间，各项改革和宏观经济政策的改善为经济增长提供了支持。大宗商品出国的增长还得益于大宗商品价格高涨。另外，贸易和投资的扩大也促进了经济增长。
During this period, growth was supported by reforms and improved macroeconomic policies. It also benefited from a boom in commodity prices that helped commodity exporters, and increased trade and investment flows.
这些都是重大成就，但仍需付出更多努力。撒哈拉以南非洲地区需要创造持续而强劲的包容性增长，以实现联合国可持续发展目标，并收获人口红利。
These are great achievements, yet much more is needed. The region needs to create sustained, strong and inclusive growth to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals and reap the demographic dividends.
非洲是世界上最年轻的大陆。这既是挑战，也是机遇。
Africa is the youngest continent in the world. This is both a challenge and an opportunity.
到2035年，达到15—64岁工作年龄的撒哈拉以南非洲人口将超过世界其他地区的总和，使劳动力数量增加1.1亿。在新的市场和投资机会方面，这是一个对本地区和全世界都有潜在重大影响的趋势。
By 2035, the number of sub-Saharan Africans reaching working age of 15-64 years will exceed the rest of the world combined – adding about 110 million workers. This is a trend with potentially significant implications for both the region and the world, in terms of new markets and investment opportunities.
然而，为充分实现上述人口趋势的潜力，2035年之前需要每年创造2000万个就业岗位。这是2011—2017年每年创造的平均就业岗位数量的两倍。
Yet realizing the full potential of these demographic trends means creating 20 million jobs every year through 2035. This is twice the average number of jobs created every year during 2011-2017.
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