梁实秋 《养成好习惯》
人的天性大致是差不多的，但是在习惯方面却各有不同，习惯是慢慢养成的，在幼小的时候最容易养成，一旦养成之后，要想改变过来却还不很容易。
例如说：清晨早起是一个好习惯，这也要从小时候养成，很多人从小就贪睡懒觉，一遇假日便要睡到日上三竿还高卧不起，平时也是不肯早起，往往蓬首垢面的就往学校跑，结果还是迟到，这样的人长大了之后也常是不知振作，多半不能有什么成就。祖逖闻鸡起舞，那才是志士奋励的榜样。
我们中国人最重礼，因为礼是行为的轨范。礼要从家庭里做起。姑举一例：为子弟者“出必告，反必面”，这一点点对长辈的起码的礼，我们是否已经每日做到了呢?我看见有些个孩子们早晨起来对父母视若无睹，晚上回到家来如入无人之境，遇到长辈常常横眉冷目，不屑搭讪。这样的跋扈乖戾之气如果不早早的纠正过来，将来长大到社会服务，必将处处引起摩擦不受欢迎。我们不仅对长辈要恭敬有礼，对任何人都应维持相当的礼貌。
大声讲话，扰及他人的宁静，是一种不好的习惯。我们试自检讨一番，在别人读书工作的时候是否有过喧哗的行为?我们要随时随地为别人着想，维持公共的秩序，顾虑他人的利益，不可放纵自己，在公共场所人多的地方，要知道依次排队，不可争先恐后地去乱挤。
时间即是生命。我们的生命是一分一秒的在消耗着，我们平常不大觉得，细想起来实在值得警惕。我们每天有许多的零碎时间于不知不觉中浪费掉了，我们若能养成一种利用闲暇的习惯，一遇空闲，无论其为多么短暂，都利用之做一点有益身心之事，则积少成多终必有成。常听人讲过“消遣”二字，最是要不得，好像是时间太多无法打发的样子，其实人生短促极了，哪里会有多余的时间待人“消遣”?陆放翁有句云：“待饭未来还读书。”我知道有人就经常利用这“待饭未来”的时间读了不少的大书。古人所谓“三上之功”，枕上、马上、厕上，虽不足为训，其用意是在劝人不要浪费光阴。
吃苦耐劳是我们这个民族的标志。古圣先贤总是教训我们要能过得俭朴的生活，一个有志的人之能耐得清寒。恶衣恶食，不足为耻，丰衣足食，不足为荣，这在个人之修养上是应有的认识，罗马帝国盛时的一位皇帝，Marcus Aurelius，他从小就摒绝一切享受，从来不参观那当时风靡全国的赛车比武之类的娱乐，终其身成为一位严肃的苦修派的哲学家，而且也建立了不朽的事功。这是很值得钦佩的，我们中国是一个穷的国家，所以我们更应该体念艰难，弃绝一切奢侈，尤其是从外国来的奢侈。从小就养成俭朴的习惯，更要知道物力维艰，竹头木屑，皆宜爱惜。
以上数端不过是偶然拈来，好的习惯千头万绪，“勿以善小而不为”。习惯养成之后，便毫无勉强，临事心平气和，顺理成章。充满良好习惯的生活，才是合于“自然”的生活。
Cultivating Good Habits
Liang Shiqiu
Men are about the same in human nature, but differin habit. Habit is formed little by little, and mosteasily in one's childhood. Once it is formed, it isdifficult to break.
For example, the good habit of early rising alsostarts from one's early life. Many people, however, have been in the habit of sleeping late eversince they were kids. They won't get up till late morning on holidays and even oversleep onwork days. Children are often late for school though they make a rush even without washingup. Such children, when they grow up, will often lack drive and most probably get nowhere. Thestory of Zu Ti1 rising at cockcrow to practise swordplay should be a good example for all men ofresolve to learn from.
We Chinese set great store by propriety because it is the accepted rules of social behavior. Propriety begins from the family. For example, children should keep their parents informed oftheir whereabouts. That is the ABC of good manners on the part of children. Yet some childrenjust ignore their parents when they get up in the morning or come back from school. Theyoften pull a long face and refuse to converse when they meet their elders. If they continue tobe so cocky and willful without correcting themselves as soon as possible, they will never getalong well with other people some days as members of society. We should be polite not only toour elders, but also to all people.
It is a bad habit to talk loudly to the disturbance of others. Ask yourself if you ever made a lotof noise while others were at their studies or at work. We should be considerate of others at alltimes and places, caring for public order and interests and abstaining from self-indulgence. Incrowded public places, you should line up and never push through to get ahead of others.
Time is life. Our life is ticking away unnoticed minute by minute and second by second. It iscertainly alarming when we come to think of it. Every day we are unconsciously wasting manyodd moments. We should acquire the habit of utilizing leisure time, and snatch every oddmoment to do whatever is beneficial to our body and mind. That will enable us to achievegood results little by little. People often talk most improperly about "seeking relaxation" as ifthey had more than enough time for them to while away. Life is, in fact, extremely short. Howcan you find so much surplus time for you to fool away? Lu Fangweng says in one of hispoems, "Spend even the pre-meal odd moment in reading." As far as I know, many people didsnatch the odd moment before a meal to do a lot of reading. Our ancients recommended"three on's", that is, doing reading even while you are on a pillow, on a horse or on anightstool. All that, though impracticable, serves the purpose of advising people not to wastetime.
Ours is a nation known for industry and self-denial. Frugality has always been the teaching ofour ancient sages and wise men. A man of strong will should be able to endure Spartan livingconditions. It should not be regarded as a disgrace to live a simple life. Nor should it beregarded as a glory to live a luxurious life. That should be the correct understanding oneneeds for self-cultivation. Marcus Aurelius, emperor of the Roman Empire in its heyday, refused to enjoy all comforts of life from childhood and always keep kept away fromamusements like the chariot race then in vogue and other fighting-skill competitions. Heremained a life-long staunch Stoic philosopher and meanwhile distinguished himself bynumerous exploits. Ours is a poor country, so it is even more necessary for us to see thetough conditions facing us and renounce all luxuries, especially those coming from abroad. Weshould build up the habit of leading a thrifty life. We should bear in mind that all materialresources are hard to come by and should be treasured, even including their odds and ends.
The above points have been picked by me at random. Good habits are too numerous to bedealt with one by one, but none, however, are too small to keep. Habit, once formed, willbecome your natural and spontaneous behaviour. A life full of good habits will be a lifeconforming with the law of nature.
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