TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.
Our own, our country’s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.
分析：
① The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army.
译文一：苍天之下，数 / 千 百万我们的后代 / 尚未出生的人，命系 / 其命运将取决于我们这支军队的勇气和斗志 / 表现。
译文二：苍天之下，我们这支军队的勇气和斗志将决定千百万我们后代的命运。
考点： 转性译法：名词 → 形容词 million → 千百万
形容词→名词 unborn → 后代
正反译法： unborn → 后代(正译)
→ 未出生的(反译)
② Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.
译文：敌人冷酷无情 / 铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。
考点： 合词译法——无论是英语还是汉语，都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。英语常用的是成对词，而中文常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语 / 俗语 ，或两条同义成语。既然这些同以此表达的是同一个意思，我们就可以把它们合起来翻译，也就是采用合词译法。例如：
1) fair and square → 公平
2) There is a hard and fast rule against smoking. → 严格
3) He is dead and gone. → 他的确死了。
4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. → 他父亲非常宽容。
5) wise and clever → 非常聪明; silly and foolish → 很笨
6) She shakes and trembles with fear. → 她吓得不停地发抖。
7) He is a man of culture and learning. → 他是个很有学问的人。
8) goal and aim → 目的
9) ache and pain → 百般疼痛
10) right and proper → 完全正确
11) cozy and comfortable → 非常舒适
12) She was surprised and taken aback. → 大吃一惊
13) really and truly → 千真万确
14) hustle and bustle → 拥挤不堪
15) cruel and unrelenting (文中) → 残酷无情
16) 顽强抵抗 ，屈膝投降(文中) → 四字格
正反译法： unrelenting→ 铁石心肠(正译)
→ 冷酷无情(反译)
转性译法：名词 → 动词 resistance→ 抵抗 submission→ 投降
形容词 → 动词 abject→ 屈膝
③ We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.
译文一：因此，我们必须下定决心，若不克敌制胜，就得捐躯疆场。
译文二：因此，我们必须下定决心，不成功就成仁。
译文三：因此，我们必须下定决心，不想化为尘土，就得得胜归来。
考点： resolve to →decide firmly
关于 to die 中的 to 是跟 have to 的，不是跟 resolve to ， 不能翻译成“我们决定胜利或死”。
④ Our own, our country’s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world.
译文：我们的荣誉，祖国的荣誉，要求我们置死地于后生 / 发扬大无畏精神，如果我们无颜战败，将羞愧于整个世界 / 在全世界名誉扫地。
考点： 抽象译法： a vigorous and manly exertion→ 置死地于后生
vigorous: strong; energetic
manly: brave
exertion: effort
正反译法： shamefully→ 羞耻(正译)
→ 无颜(反译)
infamous→ 臭名昭著(正译)
⑤ Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, (in whose hands victory is), to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions.
译文一：因此，让我们凭借正义的事业和上帝的恩助——胜利在他手中——来激励自己伟大地战斗。
译文二：因此，让我们凭借正义的事业和上帝的恩助来激励自己伟大地战斗，因为胜利站在上帝这边。
考点： 定语从句的翻译：融合法(表原因)
转性译法：名词 → 形容词 goodness→ 正义的
名词 → 动词 actions→ 战斗
action: military fighting 参考译文翻得不好，“业绩”
形容词 → 副词 great and noble→ 伟大地
合词译法： animate and encourage→ 激励 great and noble→ 伟大的
⑥ The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.
译文：全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政 / 把他们从强加于身的暴政中解救出来，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。
考点： 转性译法：介词 → 动词 upon→ 关注 from→ 脱离
省词译法： instrument: person or thing that brings sth about 引起某事的人或物
happily: fortunately medicate: consider
合词译法： blessings and praises
⑦ Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man (contending for liberty on his own ground) is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.
译文：让我们彼此激励，昭告全天下：在祖国为自由而斗争的自由人民，会战胜世上任何盲从的雇佣军。
考点： 合词译法： animate and encourage
转性译法：形容词 → 动词 superior→ 战胜
ground: land→ 祖国
mercenary: n. soldier hired to fight in a foreign army 雇佣兵
adj. interested only in making money 图利
