被动语态
一、口译练习：视译+笔记+模拟考试
1、视译(篇章分析)
2、笔记(熟悉原文的基础上整理出一套适合自己的笔记方式)
3、模拟考试(分段听、记、译)
二、被动语态
1.英汉翻译中的被动语态
1)被动语态转为主动语态
A.原句主语不变
The whole country was armed in a few days.
几天之内全国武装起来了。
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。
B.原句宾语译成主语
By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.
战争结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。
Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.
全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。
C.将被动语态译为作表语的“是”
The picture was painted y Professor Smith.
这幅画是史密斯教授画的。
The house was built of wood in 1985.
这座房子是1985年用木头修建的。
D.增加主语使译句顺畅
To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again.
为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。
It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health.
众所周之，吸烟对人体有害。
2)被动语态转为无主句
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.
必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪音。
Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.
已经注意到采取防腐新措施。
3)被动语态保持不变
A.译为汉语的“被...”或“给...”结构
If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.
如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即动工。
At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.
月底，他因不胜任工作而被解雇了。
B.译为汉语的“遭...”或“受...”结构
Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
Everyone was fed up with her gossip.
人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。
C. 译文汉语的“为...所”结构
Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.
这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。
4)被动语态用其他结构代替
The village is populated by about 13,000 farmers.
这个村子里住着大约13,000农民。
She was delivered of a boy.
她生了一个男孩。
She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet.
她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。
He has been wedded to translation.
他与翻译结下不解之缘。
2.汉英翻译中的被动语态
1)带有被动标签的汉语句子
他被选为校学生会主席。
He was elected as Chairman of the Students’ Union of this university.
她深受大家的尊敬。
She is greatly respected by everyone.
该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。
The plan will be examined by a special committee.
2)不带被动标签的汉语句子
这座桥将在今年年底建成。
The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.
这个问题正在研究。
The problem is now being studied.
来宾请出示入场券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.
3)汉语主动结构转为英语被动语态
中美已经建立了外交关系。
Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.
一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。
Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions.
他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
4)一些汉语习惯表达法的译法
据传那场事故是由于玩忽职守造成的。
It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.
应该说，情况基本上是健康的。
It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。
It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified
