2016年CATTI三级口译考试讲义一
口译中信息接收的最主要途径就是听，在口译中听的不是语言，而是语言表达的内容。在英语学习中，有一定英语水平的人已经掌握了如何记住一段话的几个要点，判断一段话会产生的结果，在听到对方讲话后形成自己的赞同或反对意见，或是捕捉到对方讲话中使用到的字词，考虑字词在用法上的特点，或是从语法、修辞、逻辑上挑对方的毛病等，但这些不是口译员需要的。口译员是个很特别的听众，他用不着以自己的想法进行干预，而只需要注意讲话人要表达的意思，领会意思中的细节。口译员需要对信息进行分析，但是讲话人在不停地讲，那么他就必须在很短的时间内捕捉到必要的信息。所谓“把注意力集中在讲话人的话语上”，是指避免注意不适当的东西。比如，当你听到一位发言人的讲话时，你在心中暗自抱怨“怎么老是嗯啊呀?”，或是心里想“他的美音真是到了炉火纯青的地步，我要是能说得一样好就好了。”等等，这都表明你的注意力没有集中到讲话人的意旨上。
口译过程中，不仅要听懂原话，还要求对讲话内容的整体和细节有全面的把握。口译初学者要想达到上述要求，需要有正确的方法进行训练。语言同意义的分离练习或者说口头概述大意练习是常用的方法。概述使用原语，也就是说听到的是中文就用中文复述，听到的是英语就用英语复述。这种练习看似简单，实践时可能会有意想不到的困难，比如要点遗漏，表述混乱，缺乏逻辑性，表达不流畅，等等，练习时要努力克服。
复述练习I
请看下文，然后用原语将其主要内容概述出来，注意文中的逻辑关系，不要试图背诵原文。
作为一个军事家来说，应当说是成功的。由边远山区的那么一个一个少年，逐渐逐渐成长，成为大清国的奠基者，大清国的开创人，应当说是成功的。那他成功的基本的经验
相信通过上述复述练习，大家已能够从讲话中大致区分出哪些是语言，复述练习II
请听下面的讲话，然后用原语将其中心内容概述出来，分析讲话中的逻辑关系，形成一个逻辑框架，然后将讲话内容按照逻辑关系展开并复述出来。
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Mastery of interpretation techniques seems to be as essential to an interpreter as mastery of boxing technique is to a boxer. True, normally every boxer has got to have two fists to fight with. Yet not all who have two fists are good boxers. It usually takes an arduous process of training and coaching integrated with a great number of “bouts” to master adequately the techniques of boxing, thereby eventually making a first-rate boxer. Similarly, not all those who have a good command of the languages involved and have acquired a wide range and scope of general knowledge are necessarily good interpreters. An arduous process of training and coaching integrated with an enormous amount of practice is called for, in order to master the basic techniques of interpretation, including dexterity in note-taking, and to be able to cope with various difficult situations.
——Adopted from A Practical Handbook of Interpretation
(Enlarged and Revised Edition) by Zhong Shukong
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Now, the VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.
Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished.
For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the 18th century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today — a person who is new in a job.
About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west. Old-timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities back east. The greenhorn lacked the skills he would need to live in the hard, rough country.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundreds.
A person with agreen thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion, jealousy. The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello.”
It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay raise and she does not.
In most places in the world, a green light is a sign to move ahead. A green light on a traffic signal means your car can continue on. In everyday speech, a green light means approval to continue with a project. We want you to know we have a green light to continue this series next week.
——VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES
