积极的财政政策要更加积极有为。今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，同时发行1万亿元抗疫特别国债。这是特殊时期的特殊举措。
We will pursue a more proactive and impactful fiscal policy.
The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan ofgovernment bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
赤字率 deficit-to-GDP ratio
1万亿元 one trillion yuan
赤字率=(政府开支-政府收入)/GDP×100%
赤字比率赤字是财政上的一个专业术语，是衡量财政风险的一个重要指标。财政赤字是指财政支出超过财政收入的部分，意味着“花”的钱超过了“挣”到的钱。 赤字比率高低表明的是政府在一定时期内动员社会资源的程度，反映了财政配置工具对经济运行的影响。
上述2万亿元全部转给地方，建立特殊转移支付机制，资金直达市县基层、直接惠企利民，主要用于保就业、保基本民生、保市场主体，包括支持减税降费、减租降息、扩大消费和投资等，强化公共财政属性，决不允许截留挪用。
The aforementioned two trillion yuan will be transferred in full to local governments; a special transfer payment mechanism will be set up to ensure that funds go straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefit businesses and people. These funds should be primarily used to ensure employment, meet basic living needs, and protect market entities. This includes giving support to cut taxes and fees, reduce rents and interest on loans, and increase consumption and investment. It is important to stress that government funds are public in nature and that no such funds are allowed to be withheld or diverted for non-designated uses.
保就业 ensure employment
保基本民生 meet basic living needs
减租降息 reduce rents and interest on loans
属性 nature
Withhold /wɪðˈhəʊld/
V-T If you withhold something that someone wants, you do not let them have it. 拒绝给 [正式]
例：
Police withheld the dead boy's name yesterday until relatives could be told. 警察昨天拒绝在通知亲属前透露死去男孩的名字。
Designate
动词读作ˈdɛzɪɡˌneɪt。形容词读作ˈdɛzɪgnɪt。
If something is designated for a particular purpose, it is set aside for that purpose. 指定 [usu passive]
例：
Some of the rooms were designated as offices.
其中一些房间是被指定用作办公室的。
要大力优化财政支出结构，基本民生支出只增不减，重点领域支出要切实保障，一般性支出要坚决压减，严禁新建楼堂馆所，严禁铺张浪费。
We will work harder to improve the composition of fiscal spending. We will see that spending on people’s basic wellbeing is only increased and not cut, ensure spending in key areas, and resolutely cut general expenditures. Construction of new government buildings and wasteful and excessive spending will be strictly prohibited.
各级政府必须真正过紧日子，中央政府要带头，中央本级支出安排负增长，其中非急需非刚性支出压减50%以上。各类结余、沉淀资金要应收尽收、重新安排。要大力提质增效，各项支出务必精打细算，一定要把每一笔钱都用在刀刃上、紧要处，一定要让市场主体和人民群众有真真切切的感受。
Government at all levels must truly tighten its belt. The central government will take the lead by committing to negative growth in its budgetary spending, with a more than 50 percent cut to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items. All types ofsurplus, idle and carryover funds that should be taken back will be withdrawn and reallocated. We will see that funds are put to better and more effective use; we willscrutinize all expenditure items and see that every cent is used where it is needed most and where market entities and the people will feel the greatest benefit from it.
outlay /ˈaʊtleɪ/ TEM8 ( outlays )
Outlay is the amount of money that you have to spend in order to buy something or start a project. (必要的) 费用
例：Apart from the capital outlay of buying the machine, dishwashers can actually save you money.
抛开购买的费用不讲，洗碗机实际上能给你省钱。
scrutinize /ˈskruːtɪˌnaɪz/
If you scrutinize something, you examine it very carefully, often to find out some information from it or about it. 仔细察看
Her purpose was to scrutinize his features to see if he was an honest man.
她的目的是仔细察看他的特征看他是不是个诚实的人。
稳健的货币政策要更加灵活适度。综合运用降准降息、再贷款等手段，引导广义货币供应量和社会融资规模增速明显高于去年。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。
We will pursue a prudent monetary policy in a more flexible and appropriate way.
We will use a variety of tools such as required reserve ratio reductions, interest rate cuts, and re-lending to enable M2 money supply and aggregate financing to grow at notably higher rates than last year. We will keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.
创新直达实体经济的货币政策工具，务必推动企业便利获得贷款，推动利率持续下行。
As we work to develop new monetary policy instruments that can directly stimulate the real economy, it is crucial that we take steps to ensure enterprises can secure loansmore easily, and promote steady reduction of interest rates.
小结：政府工作报告中The的使用(部分)
刺激实体经济
stimulate the real economy
保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平
keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.
