2019年翻译资格考试《二级笔译综合能力》强化试卷（二）

　　Section 1(Part 1 Vocabulary Selection)(In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences.Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET)

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　　1.The school decided to trim their teaching methods according to the students'______.

　　A.eloquence

　　B.feedback

　　C.caution

　　D.fluency

　　2.We will never engage in arms race or pose a military threat to any country. Never to seek hegemony is the Chinese government's solemn______to the world.

　　A.plead

　　B.pledge

　　C.plea

　　D.pleat

　　Section 1(Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement)(This part consists of 20 sentences.In each of them one word is underlined，and below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B,C and D respectively.Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)

　　1.Americans certainly use lots of energy, but less prodigiously than they once did.In 1985 their consumption was roughly the same as in 1973.

　　A.prudently

　　B.aptly

　　C.prosperously

　　D.astonishingly

　　2.After his car windscreen was cleaned five times in half an hour, Smith has had enough time to write a sketch of the late Prime Minister.

　　A.description

　　B.draft

　　C.manuscript

　　D.commentary

　　Section 1(Part 3 Error Correction)(This part consists of 20 sentences.In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error，and below each，there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B，C and D respectively.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)

　　1.China's approach to cyber-security and internet governance creates a model that may appeal to countries have similar concerns.

　　A.that has similar concerns

　　B.with similar concerns

　　C.with having similar concerns

　　D.as well as similar concerns

　　2.The survivors poured in and in and packed their bodies so tight to sleep on the bare floors that their breath alone warmed the air.A.so much tightness

　　B.so tightly

　　C.so more tightly

　　D.so much tight

　　Section 2 Reading Comprehension(In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to answer the question or complete the statement You must choose the one which you think fits best Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)

　　1.The day this small town told its residents to stop drinking the water, life on Glendale Boulevard turned from quiet to alarming.One couple decided to immediately put their house up for sale.Another fretted over their young son and the baby who would soon arrive.And up the street, one mom felt a rising indignation that would turn her into an activist determined to restrict the chemicals contaminating her family's drinking water 一 and that of millions of other Americans. That late July day, this town along the banks of the Kalamazoo River became the latest community affected by a ubiquitous class of compounds known as polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS.For years, calls for the federal government to regulate the chemicals have been unsuccessful, and last year the Trump administration tried to block publication of a study urging a much lower threshold of exposure. The man-made chemicals have long been used in a wide range of consumer products, including nonstick cookware, water-repellent fabrics and grease-resistant paper products, as well as in firefighting foams.But exposures have been associated with an array of health problems, among them thyroid disease, weakened immunity，infertility risks and certain cancers.The compounds do not break down in the environment. In Parchment，where they were once used by a long-shuttered paper mill，tests found PFAS levels in the water system in excess of 1,500 parts per trillion — more than 20 times the Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended lifetime exposure limit of 70 parts per trillion.Local officials promptly alerted residents.Michigan officials declared a state of emergency.People started picking up free cases of bottled water at the high school.Within weeks, the town abandoned the municipal wells that had served 3,000 people and began getting water from nearby Kalamazoo.“This is not a problem you can run away from，” said Parchment resident Tammy Cooper，who has become an outspoken advocate for better regulation.“There are Parchments across the country.” Harvard University researchers say public drinking-water supplies serving more than 6 million Americans have tested for the chemicals at or above the EPA’s threshold — which many experts argue should be far lower to safeguard public health.The level is only an agency guideline; the federal government does not regulate PFAS.The compounds' presence has rattled communities from Hoosick Falls, N.Y., to Tucson.They have been particularly prevalent on or near military bases, which have long used PFAS-laden foams in training exercises. Both houses of Congress held hearings on the problem last year, and lawmakers introduced bills to compel the government to test for PFAS chemicals nationwide and to respond wherever water and soil polluted by them are found.In late November, the head of the EPA vowed that the agency would soon unveil a “national strategy” to address the situation.Affected communities are still waiting.“There are some very real human impacts from this stuff，” said Erik Olson, a drinking-water expert for the Natural Resources Defense Council.“Most people have no idea they are being exposed.” Michigan is one of the few states where officials are trying to determine the extent of PFAS contamination.Health officials undertook statewide tests this year across 1,380 public water supplies and at more than 400 schools that operate their own wells.“When we look for it, we tend to find it，” said Eden Wells, the state's chief medical executive.Yet detection raises difficult questions, given the lack of regulation involving PFAS in water and the evolving research on its long-term health effects.“Many of our responses are outstripping the scientific knowledge we need,” Wells said. More is known about two particular types of the chemicals, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which companies phased out years ago amid growing evidence that both were ending up in the blood of nearly every American.But thousands of other PFAS chemicals remain in use — among the many threats, including arsenic and lead, to drinking water nationwide.

　　2.The era of divided government begins, inauspiciously.Will the president be able to see the wood for the subpoenas? I suspect that however loyal congressional Republicans appear in public, privately they are weary of Mr.Trump's intemperance and unpredictability, and may pressure him as the shutdown drags on. Some argue that what Mr.Trump really wants is not the wall, but the fight over the wall.After all, if he really wanted his $5bn he could negotiate a deal with Democrats to get it — perhaps by agreeing to provide dreamers (undocumented immigrants brought to America as children) a path to citizenship.But his base prizes his pugnacity above any realistically attainable concrete achievement, and he sees attacking Democrats as weak on crime and immigration as a better strategy than compromise. “We have the issue, Border Security,” he crowed on Twitter, two days after Christmas.He believes, not without reason, that his hawkish views on immigration won him the presidency in 2016, and remain his strongest suit.But that theory was tested in 2018, when Republican congressional candidates around the country ended their campaigns by stoking fears of，in Mr.Trump's words, “death and destruction caused by people who shouldn't be here.), Leaving aside the fact that immigrants commit crimes at lower rates than the native- born, that tactic failed.Republicans lost more seats in last year's mid-terms than in any election since Watergate.Now Ms.Pelosi is once again House Speaker, and Democrats are committee chairmen with subpoena power. How they will use that power will quickly become clear.They have spent months preparing.Matt Bennett of Third Way, a centrist Democratic think-tank, believes the committees will “fire subpoenas like machine guns …There will be full-blown investigations by the middle of January.” Elijah Cummings, the incoming chair of the House Oversight Committee, has already requested information about, among other things，the use of personal email for government work and payments to the Trump Organisation.Jerry Nadler, who will chair the House Judiciary Committee，plans to hold hearings on the administration's family-separation policy and Russian interference in 2016.Adam Schiff, who will head the House Intelligence Committee, wants to investigate Mr.Trump's business interests.Richard Neal, who will run the House Ways and Means Committee, plans to compel the release of Mr.Trump 5s tax returns. Mr.Trump’s approval ratings remain stuck around 40%; unlike most presidents, he has barely tried to expand his appeal.Meanwhile, Robert Mueller^ investigation is grinding inexorably forward.The president cannot afford to lose his cheerleaders5 support now, which may explain his refusal to negotiate over the wall.But that need not mean permanent gridlock.One can imagine Democrats agreeing to modestly increase border-security funding beyond $1.6bn — enough to let Mr.Trump save face, claim victory and reopen government. Beyond that, the parties could spend the next two years battling over immigration while finding common ground where they can 一 on infrastructure, for instance, or prescription- drug pricing. For Mr.Trump, personal relationships can supersede partisan policy disagreements.He seems genuinely to respect Ms.Pelosi's toughness and accomplishment.He also appears fond of the cut-and-thrust with Mr.Schumer, a fellow outer-borough New Yorker.But his personalisation of politics cuts the other way too.Bill Clinton was able to shrug off Republican efforts to impeach him as just business, while keeping focused on policy goals.Mr.Trump, a famous counter-puncher, has shown no such ability to compartmentalise.

　　Section 3 Cloze Test(In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context.Below the passage，each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)

　　1.When you look up, how far back in time do you see? Our senses are ______(91) in the past.There's a flash of lightning, and then seconds pass until we ______(92) the rumble of distant thunder.We hear the past.We are seeing into the past too. ______(93) sound travels about a kilometer every three seconds, light travels 300,000 kilometers every second.When we see a flash of lighting three kilometers away, we are seeing something that happened a hundredth of a millisecond ago.That’s not exactly the distant past. But as we look further afield, we can peer further back.______(94) through a telescope, we can look even further into the past.If you really want to look back in time, you need to look up. The Moon is our nearest celestial neighbor 一 a world with valleys, mountains and craters.It's also about 380,000km away, so it takes 1.3 ______(95) for light to______(96) from the Moon to us.We see the Moon not as it is, but as it was 1.3 seconds ago. The Moon doesn't change much from instant to instant, but this 1.3-second delay is ______(97) when mission control talks to astronauts on the Moon.Radio waves travel at the speed of light, so a message ______(98) mission control takes 1.3 seconds to get to the Moon, and even the quickest of ______(99) takes another 1.3 seconds to come back. It's not ______(100) to look beyond the Moon and further back in time.The Sun is about 150 million km away, so we see it as it was about 8 minutes ago. Even our nearest planetary neighbors, Venus and Mars, are tens of millions of kilometers away, ______(101) we see them as they were minutes ago.When Mars is very ______(102) to Earth, we are seeing it as it was about three minutes ago, but at other times light takes more than 20 minutes to travel from Mars to Earth. This ______(103) some problems if you're on Earth controlling a Rover on Mars.If you're driving the Rover at 1km per hour then the lag, ______(104) to the finite speed of light, means the Rover could be 200 meters ahead of ______(105) you see it, 156 and it could travel another 200 meters after you command it to hit the brakes. Not surprisingly, Martian Rovers aren't breaking any speed records, travelling at 5cm per second (0.18kph or 0.11mph).On-board computers help with driving, to prevent rover wrecks with rovers following carefully ______(106) sequences and using on-board computers to ______(107) hazards and prevent punctures. Let's go a bit further out in space.At its closest to Earth, Saturn is still more than a billion kilometers away, so we see it as it was ______(108) than an hour ago. When the world______(109) into the Cassini spacecraft's plunge into Saturn's atmosphere in 2017, we were hearing echoes from a spacecraft that had already been destroyed more than an hour before. So when you look up, remember you aren't seeing things as they are______(110); you're seeing things as they were. (选自 The Conversation 2018年 12月27日 )

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