2019年翻译资格考试《二级笔译实务》模拟试卷（四）

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　　Section 1 English-Chinese Translation(Translate the following passage into Chinese.)

　　1.Before our eyes, the world is undergoing a massive demographic transformation. Globally, the number of people age 60 and over is projected to double to more than 2 billion by 2050, and those 60 and over will outnumber children under the age of five. Some in the public and private sector are already taking note — and sounding the alarm. In his first term as chairman of the US Federal Reserve, with the Great Recession looming, Ben Bernanke remarked, “In the coming decades, many forces will shape our economy and our society, but in all likelihood no single factor will have as pervasive an effect as the aging of our population.” Back in 2010, Standard & Poor’s predicted that the biggest influence on “the future of national economic health, public finances, and policymaking” will be “the irreversible rate at which the world’s population is aging”. “While some people are financially capable of retiring,not all are ready to retire,” says the article. “Many older people need to save longer for retirement so they don’t outlive their savings. Others just choose to work longer to continue to remain cognitively engaged and actively contributing to society.” Unfortunately, misconceptions abound about them: older people will get sick and leave，they are a drain on company benefits，they have difficulty adapting to change and lack technology capabilities, they won’t work as hard as younger people and “are just coasting toward retirement”. Because of this, they experience the highest rate of unemployment in the general workforce, and for longer periods of time — double that of younger generations. Surveys consistently show people 50-plus believe they experience age discrimination in the job market. Some refer to this age group as “the new unemployable” . It is no secret that they offer considerable experience and skills, providing an opportunity for employers across all sectors, especially as the growth rate of the workforce slows or even shrinks in the future. And the companies lucky enough to hire them will reap the many benefits afforded to those who “strategically harness the power of generational diversity and build inclusive age-friendly, organizational cultures”.

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　　2.Tolstoy was a member of the Russian nobility,from a family that owned an estate and hundreds of serfs. The early life of the young count was raucous, debauched and violent. "I killed men in wars and challenged men to duds in order to kill them," he wrote. "I lost at cards, consumed the labour of the peasants, sentenced them to punishments, lived loosely,and deceived people …so I lived for ten years." But he gradually weaned himself off his decadent, racy lifestyle and rejected the received beliefs of his aristocratic background, adopting a radical, unconventional worldview that shocked his peers. So how exactly might his personal journey help us rethink our own philosophies of life? One of Tolstoy's greatest gifts was his ability and willingness to change his mind based on new experiences. The horrific bloodshed he witnessed while fighting in the Crimean War in the 1850s turned him into a lifelong pacifist. In 1857, after seeing a public execution by guillotine in Paris — he never forgot the thump of the severed head as it fell into the box below — he became a convinced opponent of the state and its laws, believing that governments were not only brutal, but essentially served the interests of the rich and powerful. "The State is a conspiracy," he wrote to a friend. "Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere." Tolstoy was on the road to becoming an anarchist. The most essential life lesson to take away from Tolstoy is to follow his lead and recognise that the best way to challenge our assumptions and prejudices, and develop new ways of looking at the world, is to surround ourselves with people whose views and lifestyles differ from our own. In Resurrection, he pointed out that most people — whether they are politicians, businessmen or thieves — "instinctively keep to the circle of those people who share their views of life and their own place in it". Cosseted within our peer group,we may think it perfectly normal and justifiable to own two homes, or to oppose same-sex marriage, or to bomb countries in the Middle East. We cannot see that such views may be perverse, unjust, or untrue, because we are inside circles of our own making. The challenge is to spread our conversational wings and spend time with those whose values and experiences contrast with our own. Our ultimate task, Tolstoy would advise us, is to journey beyond the perimeters of the circle.

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　　Section 2 Chinese-English Translation(Translate the following passage into English.)

　　1.去年11月，中国共产党召开了第十八次全国代表大会，明确了今后一个时期中国的发展蓝图，提出到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入将在2010年的基础上翻一番，在中国共产党建党100年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立100年时建成富强 民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。同时，我们也清醒地认识到，作为拥有13亿多人口的发展中大国，中国在发展道路上面临的风险和挑战依然会很大、很严峻，要实现己确定的奋斗目标必须付出持续的艰辛努力。 实现民族伟大复兴，是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。民族历来爱好和平。近代以来，中国人民蒙受了外国侵略和内部战乱的百年苦难，深知和平的宝贵，最需要在和平环境中进行国家建设，以不断改善人民生活。……

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　　2.在人们对空中网络需求不断增长的推动下，总部位于深圳的空中客车中国创新中 心与中国移动公司签署了一项协议，共同开发空中Wi-Fi服务。空客中国创新中心首 席执行官罗岗表示：“该合作将充分利用便携式电子设备使用的优惠政策以及未来的 5G技术，共同开发端到端的一整套解决方案，打造全新的机上高速互联体验。” 今年一月，中国民航总局就飞机上使用移动设备这一点放宽了政策。目前乘客可 以在飞机行驶过程中使用开启了飞行模式的手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑。在接下来 的几年，中国空中Wi-Fi市场将急速增长。由于技术和费用有限，大多数国内航线 至今还没有配备Wi-Fi服务。目前，飞行中的Wi-Fi主要依赖于Ku波段的信号信 道，这使得它很容易受到飞行过程中不稳定的影响。新近的高速空中网基于Ka波 段，意味着网速将比目前己有的选择快得多。 参考译文

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