2019年翻译资格考试《二级笔译实务》模拟试卷（三）

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　　Section 1 English-Chinese Translation(Translate the following passage into Chinese.)

　　1.Disruptive labor market changes will result in a loss of more than 5.1 million jobs from 2015 to 2020, according to a latest report by World Economic Forum (WEF). The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes developments in fields such as artificial intelligence and machine-learning, robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing, and genetics and biotechnology, will cause widespread disruption not only to business models but also to labor markets over the next five years，according to the report, the Future of Jobs, published Monday by the WEF. This trend will lead to a loss of more than 5 million jobs in 15 major developed and emerging economies, said the report. The report predicts that in the next five years there will be a total loss of 7.1 million jobs — two thirds of which are concentrated in routine white collar office functions, such as office and administrative roles — and a total gain of 2 million jobs, in computer and mathematical and Architecture and Engineering related fields. “In its scale, scope, and complexity，the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before,” wrote Klaus Schwab，Founder and Executive Chairman of WEF in his latest article called The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond. Compared with previous industrial revolutions, the Fourth is evolving at an exponential rather than a linear pace, said Schwab. Moreover, it is disrupting almost every industry in every country. And the breadth and depth of these changes herald the transformation of entire systems of production, management, and governance. According to a latest international survey, four out of ten young people around the world worry that robot will replace them in the future workforce due to rapid development of technology. Commissioned by Indian business and software services firm Infosys, the study surveyed around 1,000 16- to 25-year-olds in Australia, Brazil, Britain, China, France, Germany，India and the United States, as well as South Africa，where a smaller sample of 700 was polled. Young people in developed economies are more worried about their future jobs. Nearly 80 percent of interviewees think that it is a must to keep learning in order to gain competitiveness ahead of rapid development of technology. Globally, while almost two-thirds of those queried said they felt positive about their job prospects, those in developing economies were far more optimistic than their peers in developed markets. In India, 60 per cent said they think they have the skills needed for their careers, just a quarter were similarly optimistic in France, the poll found.

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　　2.An internal briefing document seen by the BBC says the effects of globalisation on advanced economies is "often uneven" and "may have led to rising wage inequality". The bank, which provides loans to developing countries, also says that "adjustment costs",such as helping people who have lost their jobs,have been higher than expected. Dr. Jim Kim, the head of the World Bank, told the BBC that he understood why people were angry in advanced economies despite the fact that free trade was one of the 6tmost powerful" drivers of growth and prosperity. "I hear them and they are saying that my life is not better than my parents and my children's life does not look like it's going to be better than mine," he told me. "So there is a real concern but the answer is to have more robust social security programmes,so you have a safety net. And then you need to get serious about getting the skills you need for the jobs of the future." Dr. Kim said that 20% of jobs lost in advanced economies could be linked to trade, with the rest down to automation and the need for new skills. He said governments needed to do more to support those who had lost their jobs. Dr. Kim said that if developed countries start throwing up trade barriers, ambitious targets to eradicate poverty by 2030 could be missed because global economic growth would be slower. "It will be much,much harder to achieve [the poverty targets],there's no question," Dr. Kim told me. "We can build all the infrastructure we want and we can increase trade among the emerging market countries, [but] at the end of the day if global trade does not grow at a more robust rate, it is going to be very hard to make those targets" I asked him directly if the target could be missed. "We very well could, absolutely,it's possible," he said. Proposals to end extreme poverty — defined as anyone living on less than $1.25 a day — were put together by a United Nations committee chaired by David Cameron in 2013. Dr. Kim said that action by organisations like the World Bank, which provides loans to developing countries, as well as the growth of free trade had lifted millions of people out of poverty. He said that international organisations had to do more to explain the advantages of global trade for advanced as well as emerging economies.

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　　Section 2 Chinese-English Translation(Translate the following passage into English.)

　　1.昨晚，中国的嫦娥四号飞船成功登月，降落在地球上看不到的一面，此前没 有其他飞船到达过的地方。这艘在12月初发射的飞船，最近几周都在环游太空，为 “月之暗面”着陆做准备。据新华社官方消息，嫦娥四号成功降落在冯•卡曼(Von Karman)撞击坑内。新华社发布的图片向世界展示了月球背面的样子，我们能在图像 中看到荒凉的金色表层和一个大凹槽。 嫦娥四号探测器着陆在太阳系最大的火山口。这次精准着陆将帮助中国为接下来 的月球探索和未来对其他星球的探测打下基础。这次着陆吸引了全世界的目光，其中 就有埃隆•马斯克(Elon Musk),他在推特上向中国表示祝贺。此次飞行任务只是中 国不断增长的太空探索宏伟目标的一部分。几年前中国就发射过一艘飞船探索月球的其他部分。最近的这次嫦娥四号飞行任务旨在为月球、地球和太阳系的演化研宄提供 第一手数据和线索。中国表示还有探测其他行星的发射任务。

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　　2.梵净山被誉为贵州第一山，系武陵山脉的最高峰，位于贵州省铜仁市下辖的江 口、印江、松桃三县交界处。它的最高峰凤凰山海拔2572米。站在山顶80多米高的黄 金山峰上，视线绝佳：陡峭的石柱支撑着巨大的方形岩石，被称为“万卷书”。 这座山以其壮丽的自然景观和亚热带生态的珍稀动植物而闻名。这座山有着丰富 的生物多样性和完整性，是4394种植物和2767种动物的家园。1986年梵净山被列为首 批国家级自然保护区之一，受到联合国教科文组织“人与生物圈”的保护。 早在明朝时，这座山就是佛教圣地，长期以来它与峨眉山、五台山、普陀山、九 华山齐名。游客可以饱览云雾缭绕的群山、美丽的植被、陡ill肖的悬崖、回荡的洞穴和 古老的桥梁。

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