2019年catti笔译二级试题：印度教育

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　　At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. "If even half show up, there aren't enough chairs," said Amin, a history professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"

　　The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India's colleges and universities.

　　All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent have led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent. All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.

　　Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country's higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream remains just that.

　　Mr. Ali of Indian institute of technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade. "Tangible changes are happening," he said. "The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education."

　　【参考译文】

　　在印度首都其中一所比较好的大学里，仅有一间大房间供140名教员休息，喝咖啡和批改作业。“即使只有一半教员使用该房间，椅子都会不够用，”该大学的一名历史学教授阿明(Amin) 说。“没有其他场所供教员工作。在这种情况下，你如何期待教师进行工作?”

　　然而，问题不仅仅是教员设备不足。虽然阿明女士在玛丽学院(德里大学的其中一所下设学院)工作了30年，但她的年薪只有22,000美元，还不到她一些优秀学生第一份工作年薪的一半。新的机会不仅给毕业生带来更多经济回报，而且具备流动性和灵活性，但这些福利都是印度大学教员闻所未闻的。

　　所有这些现象都表明，印度的大学教员正出现严重短缺，但造成这一现象的罪魁祸首并不只是收入低下和设备不足。印度政府去年发布的一份报告表示，高等教育扩招，博士生供应不足，招聘程序拖沓和人才培训和吸引的激励机制不足使现有印度大学教职的空缺率达到40%。该报告的作者(大多数是学术界人士)还发现，如果按照政府建议的课堂规模来计算，这一比例会上升到54%。

　　专家表示，这清楚地表明，印度将不会实现其教育部长设定的目标，即在2020年前使印度高等教育学生数量翻一番。这些专家认为，虽然这一雄心壮志值得称赞，但是由于缺乏培育教员的长期战略，印度的教育梦只能是空想。

　　但印度理工大学的巴拉克利什南(Balakrishnan) 先生却更乐观。他认为印度大学将会在2020年之前接收多达25%的合格学生，这一数字将是目前的2倍。“已经发生了一些显著变化”，他表示。“过去几年发生的辩论已把人们带出了舒适区。人们一致同意，大学的质量需要提高。