【英译汉】
Youth unemployment across the world has climbed to a new high and is likely to climb further this year, a United Nations agency said Thursday, while warning of a “lost generation” as more young people give up the search for work.
The agency, the International Labor Organization, said in a report that of some 620 million young people ages 15 to 24 in the work force, about 81 million were unemployed at the end of 2009 — the highest level in two decades of record-keeping by the organization, which is based in Geneva.
The youth unemployment rate increased to 13 percent in 2009 from 11.9 percent in the last assessment in 2007.
“There’s never been an increase of this magnitude — both in terms of the rate and the level — since we’ve been tracking the data,” said Steven Kapsos, an economist with the organization. The agency forecast that the global youth unemployment rate would continue to increase through 2010, to 13.1 percent, as the effects of the economic downturn continue. It should then decline to 12.7 percent in 2011.
The agency’s 2010 report found that unemployment has hit young people harder than adults during the financial crisis, from which most economies are only just emerging, and that recovery of the job market for young men and women will lag behind that of adults. The impact of the crisis also has been felt in shorter hours and reduced wages for those who maintain salaried employment.
In some especially strained European countries, including Spain and Britain, many young people have become discouraged and given up the job hunt, it said. The trend will have “significant consequences for young people,” as more and more join the ranks of the already unemployed, it said. That has the potential to create a “ ‘lost generation’ comprised of young people who have dropped out of the labor market, having lost all hope of being able to work for a decent living.”
The report said that young people in developing economies are more vulnerable to precarious employment and poverty.
About 152 million young people, or a quarter of all the young workers in the world, are employed but remain in extreme poverty in households surviving on less than $1.25 a person a day in 2008, the report said.
“The number of young people stuck in working poverty grows, and the cycle of working poverty persists,” the agency’s director-general, Juan Somavia, said.
Young women still have more difficulty than young men in finding work, the report added. The female youth unemployment rate in 2009 stood at 13.2 percent, compared with the male rate of 12.9 percent. The gap of 0.3 percentage point was the same as in 2007.
The report studied the German, British, Spanish and Estonian labor markets and found that Germany had been most successful in bringing down long-term youth unemployment. In Spain and Britain, increases in unemployment were particularly pronounced for those with lower education levels.
Data from Eurostat, the European Union’s statistical agency, show Spain had a jobless rate of 40.5 percent in May for people under 25. That was the highest level among the 27 members of the European Union, far greater than the 9.4 percent in Germany in May and 19.7 percent in Britain in March.
【参考译文】
联合国一组织周二称，全球年轻人失业率再创新高，而且这种趋势将在今年继续延续下去。他们警告说，越来越多的年轻人放弃寻找工作，将导致失迷一代数量激增。
国际劳工组织在其报告中称，全球15岁到24岁之间的6.2亿年轻工人中，2009年末大约有8100万人失业，这是总部位于日内瓦的劳工组织20年以来的最高纪录。
年轻人失业率从2007年的11.9%增长到2009年的13%。
国际劳工组织经济学家史蒂文·凯普索斯说：“自从我们开始追踪年轻人失业数据以来，从未见过数量如此之大、比例如此之高的失业现象。”该机构预测，在全球经济持续低迷的影响下，年轻人2010年下半年失业率将继续上升，最后可能达到13.1%。不过到2011年，这一比例应该可以降到12.7%以下。
国际劳工组织2010年的报告还发现，金融危机期间，年轻人失业率比成年工人失业情况更严重，就业市场的恢复也比成年工人慢。而且受经济危机影响，侥幸保住“饭碗”的年轻人，工作时间更短、工资更少。
在情况特别严峻的欧洲国家，比如西班牙和英国，许多年轻人已经对寻找工作气馁，甚至放弃了找工作。这种趋势将对年轻人造成严重影响，可能越来越多的年轻人加入到失业者行列。这些退出劳动市场、对寻找工作过上体面生活失去希望的年轻人，将成为新的迷失一代。
报告称，发展中国家的年轻人更容易受到失业影响，重新变得贫困。
报告称，2008年，大约1.52亿年轻人(全球年轻工人四分之一)找到工作，但是他们依然十分贫困，每个家庭每人每天的生活花费不到1.25美元。
国际劳工组织总干事索马维亚说：“挣扎于工作贫困中的年轻人数量正在增加,工作贫困的循环也在继续。”
在找工作方面，年轻女性遇到的困难的男性更多。2009年年轻女性失业率已经高达13.2%，同期男性失业率为12.9%。2007年，年轻男女失业率差异也在0.3%左右。
报告研究了德国、英国、西班牙以及爱沙尼亚等国的劳动市场，发现德国在处理年轻人长期失业方面最成功。西班牙和英国，那些受教育程度低的年轻人失业率增长明显。
来自欧盟统计局的数据显示，5月份，西班牙25岁以下人口失业率已经达到40.5%，这是欧盟27个成员国中比例最高的。德国5月恩的失业率为9.4%，英国3月失业率为19.7%。
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