1) 压缩法
把英语的定语从句压缩成汉语的一个句子成分,也就是译成汉语中带"的"词组,当定语从句叫简短,则把这个带"的"汉语定语词组置于被修辞的词语之前
No doubt there are questions or principles involved which can not be ignored and underestimated.
无疑,这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原则问题
Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail the world.
法律使我们对克服世界上普遍存在的分歧有了最大的希望
But Miggle's laugh , which was very infectious , broke the silence.
但是,密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默
The deterioration of the international situation , which I noted in the introduction to the annual report last year , has continued.
我在去年的年度报告导言中提到的那种国际形势的恶化一直在继续
2) 拆译法
如果定语从句冗长复杂,不论是限制性的或是非限制性的,往往可以译成并列句,放在主句的前后,偶尔还可以完全脱离主句而独立成句
He will show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame----for next to nothing .
他可以带她到那个地方,在哪儿他们会把她打扮成一个漂亮的少女,而且花不了几个钱
I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry and soon the news spread all over the campus.
我把消息告诉了罗伯特,他又告诉了他的朋友莱里,消息很快在校园里传开了
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们在为实现一个理想而奋斗,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,许多中国人曾为之献出自己的生命
He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
他和副总统尼克松谈过话,副总统向他保证,凡是能够做到的,一定尽力去办.
3) 转译法
英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上对主句起着状语的作用,说明原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等等关系.汉译时应从原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应的偏正复句.
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats.
罢工使远洋轮不能靠岸,因为靠岸需要拖船的帮助
Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government.
中国派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定
My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman .
尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了,但他仍然热衷于户外运动
<补充材料>
So, let us , in these next five days , start a long march together , not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal , the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation ,large or small , has a right to determine its own form of government , free from outside interference or domination.
因此,让我们在今后的5天里一起开始一次长征吧,不是在一起迈步,而是在不同的道路上向着同一个目标前进.这个目标就是建立一个和平和正义的世界结构,使所有的人都在一起享有同等的尊严,使每一个国家,不论大小,都有权决定自己政府的形式,而不受外来的干涉和统治.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon , the wonderful monk and philosopher of Oxford , who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle ages to assert that we must learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us ,and he himself made many remarkable discoveries. Galileo, however , who lived more than 300 years later(1564 to 1642), was the greatest of several great men , who in Italy, France , Germany , or England , began by degrees to show how many important truths could be discovered by well-directed observation. Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fall more rapidly towards the earth than small ones , because Aristotle said so . But Galileo, going to the top of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones , and proved to some friends , whom he had brought there to see his experiment, that Aristotle was in error. It is Galileo's spirit of going direct to Nature, and verifying our opinions and theories by experiment , that has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.
科学实验的重要性现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰.培根的时代.罗杰,培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家,他出生于1214年,死于1292年.他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人,他自己也有许多卓越的发现.然而,生活在三百多年之后的伽利略(1564-1642),却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个,这些人在意大利,法国,德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的,在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的.可是,伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端,让两块体积不相等的石头同时落地,从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明亚里士多德错了.正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神,导致了现代科学的伟大发现。
