2016年剑桥商务英语考试阅读讲义(四)

　　Confucius孔子 given name 名字

　　Confucianism 儒教 (benevolence仁, rite礼)

　　Kernel核心 Book of Spring and Autumn <<春秋>>

　　Saying 谚语 Book of odes <<诗>>

　　philosophy 哲学 Book of Rites <<礼>>

　　psychology 心理学 Book of Change <<易>>

　　Bibliography 著名书目 pen name笔名

　　(另Book of History <<书>> Book of Music<<乐>>)

　　*If I were you, I would be proud of him, too。如果我是你，我也会为他自豪的。

　　Were是虚拟语气，我们通常用一般过去时态表示和现在的事实相反的一种假设。(但是BE动词的过去时在这种虚拟中总是用WERE。)

　　E.g. If I had the amount of money, I would take a tour around the world.

　　If I were the king, I would save all the people out of hunger.

　　I wish I were a bird.

　　If only I were together with my friends now, but I am too busy to take part in the party.

　　虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气用来表示不可能发生或者可能性不大的事情，有时用来表示一种理想或者愿望。

　　1.由wish 引导的表示愿望的虚拟语气，具体用法如下：

　　(1)wish 表示对现在的愿望时，他所引导的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式：(be动词用were) 如：

　　E.g. I wish I finished my homework already. 我希望我已经完成功课了。

　　I wish I were the president of the united states.

　　(2)wish 表示将来的愿望时，他所引导的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would，could，might，+ 动词原形。如：

　　E.g. I wish I could be a bird.

　　(3)wish 用于表示对过去已经发生事实的一种已不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句的谓语动词形式为：had +动词过去分词 或 could/would +have+动词过去分词。如：

　　E.g. I wish I had passed the examination.

　　I wish I have done it.

　　2.had hoped 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：would+动词原形，表示过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事情。如：

　　E.g. I had hoped he would forgive me.

　　I had hoped we could overcome that difficulty in the end.

　　3.would (had)rather，would as soon，would sooner 和would prefer所引导的从句中要用过去式，表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。

　　E.g. would prefer she didn’t spend too much money on her holiday.

　　I would rather you come to my apartment at once.

　　4.在表示绝对不可能的情况时，通常会遇到这样一个句型：If I were you…

　　E.g. If I were you, I will choose to be a teacher in the future.

　　5.It’s high time that… 是该到的时候了。该句型中的从句要使用虚拟语气，也就是动词要用过去式。

　　E.g. Its getting dark. It’s high time we left.

　　You have classes early tomorrow morning. So it is time that you went to bed.