Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15%)
31. A word is a ______ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
32. In the Middle English period, the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English.
33. The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is called a ______.
34. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.
35. Words such as “vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious” usually indicate the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. They have ______ meaning in themselves.
36. A word which is related to other words is related to them in ______.
37. Car which used to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in ______ ”has taken on the meaning “automobile” with the development of modern car industry.
38. In the sentence “Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory.”, the word “heliocentric” is explained by the clue of ______ structure.
39. Due to structural ______ of idioms, the word order of the idiom “by twos and threes” cannot be turned into “by threes and twos”.
40. Against the traditional practice of lexicography, ______ creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions.
Ⅲ. Define the following terms. (15% )
41. archaisms
42. stem
43. grammatical meanings
44. amelioration
45. rhetoric characteristics of idioms
