非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅱ. Directions： Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. The word “study” does not mean “learn” but “i ______ ” or “examine.”
12. The speech sounds we use when speaking a language are called p ______ medium of language.
13. A stem refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added, and it can be a
b ______ root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.
14. The phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length due to their r ______ properties.
15. In predication analysis, an a ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.
16. While traditional semantics mainly studies meanings in isolation, pragmatics focuses on meanings in c______.
17. Linguistic change occurs in all components of the grammar, including changes in the sound, morphological, s ______ , lexical, and semantic systems.
18. A linguistic t ______ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.
19. The right hemisphere of human brain processes stimuli more h ______ and the left one more analytically.
20. In SLA, many actual errors, such as “goed” and “womans,” are attributable to o______ instead of negative transfer.
Ⅲ. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a “T” for true or “F” for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2 % ×10=20% )
21. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time would be a diachronic study.
22. If the sentence That's, not the ,book he, wants is spoken in the fall-rise tone, it implies that there is some other book the speaker wants.
23. Prefixes usually change the part of speech of the original word, but do not change the meaning of the stem.
24. According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar is a system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the brain of a normal human being.
25. One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.
26. According to Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, promising, swearing and vowing are the most typical cases of commissives.
27. Middle English had been deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as “man,” “house,” and “eat” came from the language of the French rulers.
28. Putonghua serves as an effective lingua franca among speakers of 56 different nationalities, even among speakers of different dialects of the Chinese language.
29. The left hemisphere of human brain is superior to the right one.
30. Although formal instruction hardly affects the natural route of SLA, it does provide opportunities to receive comprehensible input.
Ⅳ. Directions： Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)
31. cultural transmission
32. suprasegmental features
33. root
34. AUX-movement
35. linguistic context
36. utterance meaning
37. coinage
38. language standardization
39. language centers
40. interlanguage
Ⅴ. Directions： Answer the following questions. (10% × 2=20%)
41. Please define competence and performance respectively and describe their differences.
42. According to John Austin, what are the three acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously while speaking? And give examples to illustrate them.
