II.Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )
11.Language system is culturally transmitted, i.e.by teaching and learning, as opposed to g________inheritance.
12.A set of symbols called d can be added to the letter-symbols such as those needed to indicate long vowels, nasalization to make finer distinctions than the letters alone make possible.
13.In terms of word endings, English is simpler than some other languages such as Russian and German, as in its historical development it has dropped quite a few of its i affixes.
14.WH-movement is the proposed movement of wh-forms to the beginning of a clause or sentence.In English, WH-preposing is o when a sentence changes from affirmative to interrogative.
15.In the study of meaning, two kinds of context are recognized: the s context and the linguistic context.
16.The utterance meaning of a sentence varies with the c in which it is uttered.
17.H refers to a process of sound assimilation in which one of two phonetically similar syllables within a word is lost.For example, the Old English word “Engla-land” (“the land of the Angles”) came to be pronounced “England”.
18.Empirical studies of language use and conversation analysis indicate that in normal situations women tend to use more p forms than men.
19.P is considered as the intersection of psychology and linguistics, drawing equally upon the language and the mind or brain.
20.In second language acquisition, the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community is called a .
III.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version .( 2% ×10=20% )
21.( ) Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, and prescriptive grammar is no longer used in current language teaching.来自www.Examw.com
22.( ) The nasal cavity is formed by the passage through the nose when the soft palate, the velum at the back of the mouth is lowered.The sounds thus produced are called nasals.In English there are three nasals: [m], [n] in man, and [ ] in cling.
23.( ) From the orthographical point of view, a compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen in between, or as two separate words, the choice of which is determined by conventions.
24.( )In a tree diagram of sentence structures, S is the root of the tree, occupying the topmost position, from where it branches into phrasal categories, which further branch into smaller syntactic units. The points at which the tree branches are located at various levels are known as branching nodes. A branching node is connected directly only to one lower node.
25.( ) Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called complementary opposites.
26.( ) If a speaker is saying something for which he or she lacks adequate evidence, he or she is violating the maxim of quantity.
27.( ) Cognates may be defined as words that have developed from a common ancestor or common source.Work on the systematic form-meaning resemblance in cognates lies at the core of comparative reconstruction.
28.( ) In medieval times, an agree-upon “common tongue” came into use in the eastern Mediterranean ports, which was called Lingua Franca.The term lingua franca cannot be generalized to other languages similarly used.Thus, not any language can be a lingua franca.
29.( ) The fact that successful translation between languages can be made is one of the major arguments against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
30.( ) Empirical studies show that interference from the mother tongue is the major source of errors in learning a second language.
