全国2012年1月自考《现代语言学》试题_第3页
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考试网 [ 2012年3月7日 ] 【大 中 小】
Ⅲ. Directions : Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false’ you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version ( 2% ×10=20% )
21. ( ) Modern linguistics, i.e., linguistic study carried out in the 20th century, is mostly prescriptive.
22. ( ) In English classification of vowels, [α:] is a low back rounded vowel.
23. ( ) How a compound is written is simply a matter of convention, which should be respected as it always is.
24. ( ) The Adjacency Condition on Case assignment states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.
25. ( ) Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; and it is abstract and de-contextualized.
26. ( ) According to Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, to ask someone to pass a book is a directive, and to advise someone to watch less TV is not a directive.
27. ( ) Although language change is universal, inevitable, and sometimes vigorous, it is not an overnight occurrence, but a gradual and constant process, particularly the changes in the syntactic systems.
28. ( ) The standardization of a particular dialect such as standard English and Putonghua in relation to one or more vernaculars is not necessarily the result of a deliberate governmental policy, but of a historical and cultural tradition.
29. ( ) As language and thought may blend together as “verbal thought” and “inner speech,” we cannot think without language while we cannot speak without thinking.
30. ( ) Children’s grammar develops gradually until it becomes exactly the adult’s grammar.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )
31. arbitrariness
32. minimal pair
33. inflectional affixes
34. X-bar theory
35. selectional restrictions
36. illocutionary act
37. clipping
38. situational dialects
39. the critical period for language acquisition
40. negative transfer
V . Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% X2=20% )
41. The basic form of English negative prefix in- is [in-], as in inaccurate and insecure. In impossible, [n] is changed to match the place of articulation of its following stop [p]. In illiterate, [n] becomes identical to its following [1]. Which phonological rule does this example illustrate? Please define the rule and give one more example.
42. One of the important missions of historical linguistics is to reconstruct the protolanguage. Please explain what the protolanguage is and how historical linguists reconstruct it.
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