III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% × 10=20% )
21. ( ) “There’s a motorcycle coming" is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a particular context, it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is considered in the context of use, it becomes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics.
22．( )To distinguish between phonemes and phones，linguists use slashes／／for phonetic segments and square brackets [ ] for phonemic segments．
23． ( )Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word．
24． ( )In addition to sentences and clauses，a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasal category that performs a particular grammatical function．
25． ( )The word“flower”and “flour”，which are identical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，are homophones．
26．( )As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context，pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.
27． ( )The meaning representation of words may change，becoming broader, narrower, or shifted．The word knight once meant “youth”，but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry；When Juliet tells Romeo，“I’m too fond.” She is not claiming she likes Romeo too much．She means “I am too foolish．”These are two examples of semantic broadening．
28． ( ) In sociolinguistics，speech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language．Speakers of English in general might be treated as such a community.
29． ( )Generally speaking，the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from，the right side of the body．
30．( )The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of’ “the younger the better”．
IV. Directions: Explanin the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% × 10=30% )
31.displacement
32.voicing
33.morpheme
34.finite clause
35.componential analysis
36.declarations
37.epenthesis
38.speech variety
39.linguistic relativism
40.the nativist view of language acquisition
V. Directions: Answer the following questions.
(10% × 2=20% )
41. What is the distinction between langue and parole? Why did Saussure make such a distinction?
42. What are the differences between sentence meaning and utterance meaning? And give examples to illustrate them.
