全国2012年1月自考《英语阅读(二)》试题_第2页
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考试网 [ 2012年3月13日 ] 【大 中 小】
Passage Two
Because speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. It will have to be small enough to slip into your pocket, so there will be a screen but no keyboard: you will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the Internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in. Such devices will evolve naturally in the next five to ten years.
Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based Internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks.
Changes like this will encompass the whole world. Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language to which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.
Of course, in any language there are still huge problems for us to solve. Carefully dictated, clear speech can now be understood by computers with only a 4-5 percent error rate, but even state-of-the-art technology still records 30-40 percent errors with spontaneous speech. Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversation, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behavior is probably 50 years off. We’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.
In the past insufficient speed and memory have held us back, but these days they’re less of an issue. However, there are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. But it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now.
Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.
6. Having natural conversations with computers implies that computers will be able to______.
A. make artificial speech
B. connect people onto the Internet
C. keep relevant information
D. interact with people on the screen
7. The word “conventions” in Paragraph 2 means ______.
A. ways B. traditions
C. customs D. solutions
8. To let all people adapt to a voice-based world, operation procedures for conversing with computers should be ______.
A. language transferable B. error free
(2. techno compatible D. user friendly
9. The last sentence in Paragraph 4 means ______.
A. a goal-directed conversation is on the way to completion
B. people have no desire to talk to screens in the living room
C. natural conversation with computers is a long way to go
D. other goal-directed conversations seem to be impossible
10. The writer and those in IT community feel there will need a (an) ______over the development of speech-recognition techniques.
A. step-by-step improvement B. updated performance
C. rapid change in speed D. completely new innovation
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