五、简答题（本大题共 6小题，每小题 3分，共 18分）
Passage 1
America wants Japan to meet import targets for some American goods. An unwilling Japan has decided to draw the line.
Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.
46. What is the meaning of “to draw the line” in the first paragraph?
47. What is the meaning of “result-oriented” in the second paragraph?
48. Will Japan succumb to that kind of pressure? What possible consequences will it lead to?
Passage 2
Wars, economic turmoil, global poverty… The agenda is packed as more than 2,500 of the world’s top business leaders and politicians come to the Swiss mountain village of Davos to attend the World Economic Forum, which starts in January, 2009.
The organizers are not bashful. This could be “one of the most important” annual meetings of the forum yet, they predict. And they have a point. The annual Davos event—this year with participants from over 90 countries—is not only a good opportunity to get a feel for the global economy and political balance of power. To participants it also offers a chance to step back and take stock of crisis and conflict, and gather ideas for tackling the world’s problems. The forum’s “theme” this year is fitting: shaping the post-crisis world. The participants are taking to it with a vengeance, if the forum’s new system for reserving a place at sessions is any guide. The first batch of tickets for sessions about the economic crisis was snapped up within 10 minutes after the booking website opened.
Critics, however, will point out that many of these problems were actually caused by the powerful elite that flocks to Davos every year. And with plenty of social activists in attendance, the event is also likely to bring some reckoning, contrition, and large helpings of humble pie. Philip Jennings, general secretary of global trade union UNI, said “we would not give a bonus to a factory worker who destroys the production line or a programmer who introduces a bug into software, yet all these bankers are being rewarded for watching while the industry ran headlong into a meltdown”.
49. Why could this be “one of the most important” annual meetings of the forum?
50. What’s the central topic for the 2009 Davos Forum?
51. What have the bankers been compared to?
六、翻译题（本大题12分）
52. That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our healthcare is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.
