排行热点
- 历年真题
- 模拟试题
- 自考自答
二、判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
判断下列各题,在答题卡(纸)相应位置正确的涂“A",错误的涂“B"。
Passage 1
Force of the Multinationals
Direct investment by multinational companies is becoming a hugely important force in the world economy. In essence, a combination of factors, such as the development of global communications and a change in the political climate towards multinationals, is bringing in an era of true global manufacturing. A company such as Siemens may now slart making a product in Germany then ship it to Malaysia for the labor-intensive final stages of manufacture. The strategy by Japanese companies
of locating production in cheaper Far Fasterm countries such as Thailand has done much to integrate the economies of the region. US companies were selting up production in Mexico, for similar reasons . before negotiations on the NAFTA had even started. There is an important distinction to be made between the kind of integration based on trade, which is relatively simple, and the far more complex links involved in global manufacturing. The report says that “ as integration moves from
shallow trade - based linkages to deep intermational production - based linkage under the common governance, the traditional division between integration at the corporate and country levels begins to break down.
Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assels from the developed world to the developing world. But the patterm is not entirely simple. Big shifts have occurred in the composition of foreign direct investment by sector. Increasing investment is going into services and high-tech manufacture . rather than basic manufacture and natural resources. As might be expected， foreign direct investment in the developed world is mostly in the former category, whereas in the developing world the emphasis is on the latter. It seems countries have to reach a basic level of sophistication before they can get in the act. Simple cash incentives to set up production in a country have lttle efect, other than on margin. In addition, the increasing sophistication of global production means that heap labor is often not a deciding factor either.
16. Intermational production-based integration is better than trade-based integration.
17. Labor- intensive manufacture is the production mainly depend on the use of a large number of labor.
18. US companies set up production in Mexico for its cheaper labor and cost.
19. Cash incentive is a deciding factor in global production.
20. Foreign direct investment in the developed countries is mostly in services and high-tech sector.
Passage 2
Asia, You Cost Too Much
The Asian economic miracle can be best summed up as the biggest price undercut in history. sia grew because it was the cheapest source for the low-tech consumer goods that the West craves. ong Kong and Korea didn't invent new or more efcient manufacturing techniques, they simply ought market share with low wages. But now Asia is beginning to cost 1oo much. If you still think Asia is cheap or even a bargain, compare office rents in Shanghai with those in Chicago and Paris.
Or try to hold a qualified manager in China against the almost weekly job offers he receives due tothe shortage of Chinese professionals. No wonder companies are voting with their feet in response toAsia's rising cost. Germany's Siemens is dumping Singapore in favor of lower cost locations in theregion.' The way things are going, Siemens may have to move again before too long.
The competition facing Asia is not going to let up, either Local council representatives from Britain are running all over the world advertising tax cuts， giving away state land and slashingbureaucracy in an effort to attract industry. Technological innovations and cost reduction incommunications and transport mean that location isn't as important as it once was. Only Singaporescems to understand that keeping u中isn't good enough and that being competitive means forgingahead. The Lion City made a concerted effort to open market ，cut government regulations and createtransparency. But most Asian government just don't seem to understand the relationship belweenhigh costs and low competitiveness. Otherwise why would tariffs on agricultural imports be cripplingthe Korean and Japanese food processing industries? The oligarchical nature of trucking in Malaysiaguarantees that high transport costs will drive business away.
21. Asian economic growth was primarily based on cheap exports rather than high technology.
22. Siemens is satisfied with Singapore's low cost and will stay there all the time.
23. High rents and shortage of professionals became China's disadvantage in Business.
24. The importance of location is weakened by technology and communication innovations.
25. Most Asian government learned from Singapore to open markets and cut tariffs.
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