现在完成时
1.基本用法
(1)在过去不确定时间里发生的并与现在有着某种联系的动作,体现的是影响或结果。
(2)动作开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。(现在完成进行时)。
2.基本结构
主+have(has)+动词的过分
注意其肯定、否定、疑问变化,动词的过去分词变化规律(略)。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
Already,yet,just,recently,so far,for,since,up to now,in the past 2 years.
I’ve worked in the company for 2 years.
(1)如果完成时句子中后跟(for+一般时间)时,其谓语动词须是持续性动词;但如若后面未跟一段时间则可以用短暂性动词;如果完成句是否定句且谓语是短暂性动词,则后可跟一段时间。
They’ve come to visit us from time to time.
(2)相关动词的相应转换
borrow→keep(have)
come back→be back
He died 5 years ago.
He has been dead for 5 years.
He left his hometown many years ago
He has been away for many years.
4.相关难点
(1)have gone(to)have been(to)
(2)完成时与since(从句)
一般since从句中用的都是短暂性动词的过去时。
He has been ill since I saw him last.
(3)如若since从句中用的是持续性动词(静态动词)的过去时,则含义不同,其表示从句动作的完成或结束。
责编:Lisa