2022年自考本科英语(二)模拟试题及答案三

　　[问答题]How to Deal With Pressure?

　　With the current mood of global ___41___(certain) and an___42___(economy) recession, people are likely to suffer from increased stress, depression and anxiety. These___43___(psychology) symp​toms, in a new twist to the old saying of “mind over matter”,can lead to actual physical problems.

　　The mind and the body are___44___(integrate) system. It’s like a web. If one part is___45___(disturb),it will directly or indirectly,affect another part.Hence,psychological and emotional reactions will trigger physical responses.

　　When a person feels a threat to his well-being,the brain reacts by___46___(release) chemicals.For example,the adrenal gland(肾上腺)in the brain may release adrenaline(肾上腺素)which prepares the body to respond to physical threats. The brain’s neuro-chemistry programs a person to react in one of the classic ways：fight,flight or fright.

　　Are you sleeping well? Are you eating well? Are you working or studying well? Any mental health problem would affect these three areas of behavior. Some people deal with stress and___47___(anxious) by turning to___48___(religious),others by talking to friends and family. But are there other options? Exercise is a good outlet. Play a game. Go jogging. You will be___49___(concentrate)on doing something. There is a target to be___50___(achieve) and will occupy your mind. Go Karaoke singing and dancing with friends. The worst thing to do is to sit at home and think.

　　参考答案：

　　41.答案为uncertainty

　　解析为本句空白处放在形容词global后需填入名词用global来修饰，根据and之后的名词recession(经济衰退，不景气)，将提示词形容词certain改成名词certainty再加上否定前綴un-构成uncertainty填入即可。

　　42.答案为economic

　　解析为本句空白处放在名词recession前提示需填入形容词。因此，将提示词名词economy改成形容词economic填入即可。

　　43.答案为psychological

　　解析为本句空白处放在名词symptoms之前提示需填入形容词修饰该名词。因此，将提示词名词psychology改成形容词psychological填入空白处即可。

　　44.答案为integrated

　　解析为本句空白处放在名词system前提示需填入形容词来修饰该名词，提示词动词integrate的过去分词integrated(完整的，一体的)符合语境。因此，将integrated填入空白处即可。

　　45.答案为disturbed

　　解析为本句空白处放在be动词is之后，语境为：身体的一部分一旦发生紊乱，会直接或间接地影响身体的其他部分。由于名词part和动词disturb属被动关系，可以判断空白处应使用被动语态。因此，将提示词动词disturb改成过去分词disturbed填入空白处即可。

　　46.答案为releasing

　　解析为本句空白处放在介词by后面，提示词动词release需变形填入。因此，将动词re​lease(释放)改成现在分词形式releasing填入即可。

　　47.答案为anxiety

　　解析为本句空白处放在and之后提示需填入和and之前的词词性相同的词。and之前是名词stress，另外不难看出该空白在句中和stress一起作谓语deal with的宾语。因此，将形容词anxious改成名词anxiety(焦虑)填入即可。

　　48.答案为religion

　　解析为本句空白处放在动词短语turn to 之后作turn to的宾语，提示需用名词。因此，将提示词形容词religious改成名词religion填入空白处即可。turn to表示“求助于”。

　　49.答案为concentrating

　　解析为观察本句谓语部分不难发现，本句旨在考查将来进行时这个时态，因此，将提示词动词concentrate改成现在分词concentrating填入空白处即可。

　　50.答案为achieved

　　解析为本句空白处放在be动词之后，根据句法可知，不定式to be加上空白处一起充当名词target的定语。由于名词target和动词achieve属被动关系，因此，将提示词动词achieve改成过去分词achieved修饰target。

　　[单选题]Friendship

　　Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don"t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few—for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.

　　Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term "friendship". In all cases, two people like each other and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.

　　Initially, much depends on how people meet, and on favourable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social status,and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and back ground.

　　On a more immediate level, we are sensitive to actual behaviour, facial expression, and tone of voice. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances. Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare, and nervousness may be misread as hostility. People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when, in fact, they simply lack confidence.

　　Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common-they often talk about "being on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point;sometimes people "click" immediately. The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down. Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion. Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!

　　In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies, no rituals to strengthen the association between two people. But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.

　　The degree of intimacy between friends is largely determined by their social status. ()。

　　ARight

　　BWrong

　　CNot mentioned

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]第一部分：阅读判断

　　下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

　　They Say Ireland's the Best

　　Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005 , according to a life quality ranking(排名)

　　that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.

　　The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.

　　The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health，unemployment, climate, political stability ,job security , gender(性别) equality as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life".

　　Despite the bad weather , troubled health service ，traffic congestion(拥挤) , gender inequality ,and the high cost of living , Ireland scored an impressive 8. 33 points out of 10.

　　That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland , which managed8.07. Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger，is rated the gloomiest(最差的) ,picking up only 3. 89 points.

　　“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued," the report said,

　　some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions

　　and family values in part take away from a positive impact.”

　　“Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old , such as stable family and community life.”

　　The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its

　　findings would have their critics.

　　No.2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway , Luxembourg , Sweden，Australia , Iceland , Italy , Denmark and Spain.

　　The UK is positioned at No. 29 , a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family

　　breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US，which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.

　　The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.

　　ATrue

　　B False

　　C Not Given

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]Work is a Blessing

　　I grew up in Lakeland, LA,one of 12 children, We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm, We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, and chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash.______1___ We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.

　　In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go mile those cows. ______2______

　　I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had—my father eking out a living on that farm and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. _______3______

　　Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing,I’d always look forward to my work. But he also added,“Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.”_____4____And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years,three months and three days.

　　In the late 1980s,during a visit to Bangladesh,I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine,which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work._____5____And as bad as that woman’s job was it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father’s words: To work is a blessing.

　　请选择5题正确答案()。

　　ABreaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day.

　　BI had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in

　　CSo when I was 12,1 got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows.

　　DI wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college.

　　EMy father said,“Ya know,boy,to work is a blessing.”

　　FI don’t think I will ever quit working.

　　参考答案：A

　　[单选题]Split Milk

　　____1_____He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?

　　____2____He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over ther kitchen floor--a veritable sea of milk!

　　When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him. she said, "Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made!

　　____3____Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"

　　Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? ____4____ Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.

　　His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let"s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.____5____

　　请选择1题正确答案()。

　　A He responded that,in his opinion,it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old.

　　B What a wonderful lesson!

　　C Have you heard of the story about spilt milk?

　　DI have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk.

　　EI recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs.

　　F We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop.

　　参考答案：E

　　[单选题]Cyberlove

　　Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they’ve talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling head over heels in love. ___1____It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and Martijin have been living to​gether happily ever since. They’ve created a home page to let the world know how they’ve found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who’ve met under similar circum​stances.

　　____2____ Internet romance,according to some,is a bizarre method,and to others it is a natu​rally way for the 90’s to meet potential mates.

　　Romances formed on the Internet follow a characteristic script.___3____ “Love at first byte” is rare although there are examples. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms,are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics,and then after a while,the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open,an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verses and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). ____4___When you reach for the mouse with sweaty palms and butterflies in the stomach to look in the in-box for new mail — there’s just no way to escape the fact—love has arrived.

　　_____5___Perhaps one significant difference is that communication plays such a large part. Words that convey feelings have enormous effect. While before a real date we fix our hair and our clothes,on the Internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality. In essence, the sequence is reversed--first we show our inner beauty and only after it has won victory does the veil fall off the physical vehicle of that personality at the time of that first meeting in person.

　　请选择5题正确答案()。

　　AThe development of emotional intimacy is a long process, sometimes taking sev​eral months.

　　BCould any heart with romantic inclinations resist?

　　CIt was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world.

　　DThroughout history men and women have used a variety of means to find each other.

　　EHow does a cyber romance vary from a real life romance?

　　FIn any case,keep your eyes open off-line as well.

　　参考答案：E

　　[问答题]The Making of a Success Story

　　IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer,and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural business man. As a child,he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches,seeds and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17,his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business IKEA.

　　IKEA’s name comes form Kamprad’s initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (‘E’ and ‘A’). Today IKEA is known for its modern,minimalist furniture,but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad"s wares included anything that he could sell for profits at low prices, including watches, pens and stockings.

　　IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufactures near Kamprad"s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

　　In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult,Sweden, IKEA is known today for its spacious stress with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

　　In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

　　Task 2

　　A.IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of things of low prices

　　B.it is highly welcomed by both

　　C.Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business

　　D.he lives happily in retirement

　　E.Here they can see and and try the furniture they are going to buy

　　F.which leads to better sales

　　21.Even when he was only a child,______.

　　22.______,and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.

　　23.Customers liked the idea of IKEA's showrooms because______.

　　24.As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers,______.

　　25.The self-sufficiency has done wonders for the company,______.

　　参考答案：

　　21.C

　　22.A

　　23.E

　　24.B

　　25.F

　　[单选题]Hitchhiking

　　When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-dis​tance transport. The kindness or curiosi​ty of strangers ___1____ me all over Europe,North America, Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers became friends,many provided hospitality ___2____the road.

　　Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane,but also there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night, Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it. So what has happened to ____3____ ?

　　A few years ago, I asked the same question about hitchhiking in a column on a news​paper. ___4______ of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.

　　"If there is a hitchhiker"s heaven it must be Iran," came one reply. Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitchhiking,____5____ was Quebec, Canada一"if you don"t mind being berated for not speaking French."

　　But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in many parts of the world, the_____6____ feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed.

　　With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we ___7___ to be so wary both to hitchhike and to give a lift?

　　In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mailed me,"the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker"s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers,so each time a driver ___8____ somebody,he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season,drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes. Everybody was hitchhiking then."

　　Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down____9___between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant ___10_____ in geography, history, politics and sociology.

　　请选择6题正确答案()。

　　Aneed

　　Bpicked up

　　Cas

　　Dbarriers

　　Egeneral

　　Flessons

　　Gfor

　　HIt

　　IDebates

　　JOn

　　K Hundreds

　　L took

　　参考答案：E

　　[单选题]Storytelling

　　Storytelling requires a different set of skills altogether. Storytelling, whether your purpose is to put the child to sleep, ___1____ a message or enhance a presentation, requires the same set of skills that you use when you ____2___ stories to your friends. First of a11, tell stories that spark your interest as ___3____ as the interest of your audience. This way,it will be a lot ___4____ and it will be more natural for you to narrate these stories. By using a story that you like, you will be able to speak naturally. The whole story becomes more _____5____ because the tone of your voice and your actions will _____6____ your enthusiasm. By speaking naturally, you can get to engage your audience to listen to you more_____7____ because they will feel that it is as if you are telling the story from your own words and from your heart.

　　Maintain eye contact with your audience. By _____8___ eye contact, you can be sure that the audience is still engaged and is ___9___ you, and at the same time, the audience gets to know that you are mindful of them and that the connection is always there. The only time to ___10___ eye contact is when you are acting out a character"s role or occasionally when gesturing.

　　请选择4题正确答案()。

　　A interesting

　　B break

　　C listening to

　　D tell

　　E easier

　　F closely

　　G convey

　　H indicate

　　I keeping

　　J well

　　K reflect

　　L good

　　参考答案：E

　　[单选题]A Debate on the English Language

　　A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States. The U. S. Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nation"s official language and the other says it is the "common and unifying" tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue.

　　Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can "t understand why the issue is so controversial.

　　"The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues," says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh"s Carnegie Mellon University. "It"s related to a worry about the changing demography of the U. S. It"s a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence. "

　　In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation"s founding.John Adams lobbied in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist attempt to define personal behavior.

　　Since then, the country hasn"t had a national language, but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on.

　　The emotions surrounding language resurface not because people feel comfortable with English.It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram,a professor at North Carolina State University.

　　"Language is never about language," he says.

　　According to the 2000 U. S. Census Bureau report, of 209 million Americans over 18 years old, 172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English. Among them，6. 5 million speak poor English and 3. 1 million don"t speak English at all.

　　The phrase "kicked around" (paragraph 4) could be best replaced by_________·()。

　　A"invented"

　　B"formed"

　　C"shaped"

　　D"discussed"

　　参考答案：D

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