2017年中考英语语法专题详解四

　　专题四 代词

　　一、 代词概述

　　代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

　　二、代词分类

　　英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主

　　代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。

　　1、 人称代词及其用法

　　1)人称代词主格和宾格

　　2) 人称代词的用法

　　① 人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。

　　例如：She likes watching movies.她喜欢看电影。

　　They have been to America twice..他们到过美国两次。

　　② 人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。

　　例如： We listen to them and they help us.我们听他们，他们帮我们。

　　---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—谁在敲门?—是我。

　　2、 物主代词及其用法

　　1)形容词性和名词性物主代词

　　2)物主代词的用法

　　① 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。

　　例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.这是我的书。你的书在那里。

　　They are our new friends.他们是我们的新朋友。

　　②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。

　　例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?这是我的词典。你的(词典)在哪里?

　　My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的(想法)。

　　3、反身代词及其用法

　　1)反身代词的构成

　　2)反身代词的用法

　　① 反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。

　　例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。

　　They did the job all by themselves.这件工作他们完全是自己做的。

　　② 反身代词常用词组

　　例如：teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得愉快

　　hurt oneself伤了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself苏醒

　　by oneself单独;亲自

　　4、 指示代词及其用法

　　1) 指示代词：单数this(这)、 that(那);复数these(这些), those(那些)

　　2) 指示代词的用法

　　① this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。

　　例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.这是我的朋友。这些是

　　他的新书。

　　② that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。

　　例如：Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。

　　③ 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。

　　例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是玛丽，您是琼斯夫人吗?

　　5、 不定代词及其用法

　　不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词，在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式，分别列表如下。

　　1) 表一：初中阶段常见的简单的不定代词

　　表二：复合不定代词

　　2) 不定代词的用法

　　在实际使用中，普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。

　　① some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。

　　例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.

　　教室里有一些学生，但没有老师。

　　---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.

　　--想要喝茶还是咖啡?--谢谢，两个都不要。

　　② many 和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。

　　两者均可以和表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用构成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.

　　例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。

　　How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么会犯这么多错误?

　　Please speak English as much as possible.请尽量说英语。

　　③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。

　　例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以几乎没有朋友(表示否定)。

　　I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我几乎没钱了，买不起这本杂志(表示否定)。你能借我一些吗?

　　---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你说几句话吗(表示肯定)?--当然可以，我有一点点时间(表示肯定)。

　　④ both和all。both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。

　　例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。

　　⑤ either， neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”，neither是“两者都不”，是both的反义词，none“都不”是all的反义词。

　　例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。(只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可)

　　---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶还是咖啡?--都不要，水就可以。

　　They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他们都是青少年，谁都不应该获许抽烟。

　　⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。

　　例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中国其他城市大。

　　Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷锋乐于助人。

　　I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有两个好朋友，一个是杰克，另一个是大卫。

　　I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语，其余的(书)都是中文。

　　⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以

　　上中的任意一者，还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。

　　例如：This building is taller than that one.这个建筑比那栋高。

　　I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.

　　我已经花了半个小时做这件工作，但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。

　　⑧ 复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须

　　注意：

　　a)复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?电脑出问题了吗?

　　Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齐了，我们开会吧。

　　b)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面，做后置定语。

　　例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.请安静，我有重要

　　的事情要告诉你们。

　　6、 疑问代词及其用法

　　疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。

　　实战演练(2×50) 计分:

　　1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.

　　A. he B. him C. she

　　2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.

　　A. your B. yours C. his

　　3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.

　　A. us B. our C. ours

　　4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.

　　A. your B. yours C. you

　　5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?

　　A. my, your B. I, yours C. my, yours

　　6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it’s ______.

　　A. his B. her C. my

　　7. We must learn English by __________.

　　A. us B. our C. ourselves

　　8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.

　　A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine

　　9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.

　　A. she, her B. her, herself C. hers, herself

　　10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I’m full now.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. All

　　11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He’s tall and thin.

　　A. What B. Who C. Which

　　12. Believe yourself. You’re better than ________. You’re the best. Wish you success.

　　A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyone

　　13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.

　　A. it B. this C. that

　　14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.

　　A. What B. How C. Whom

　　15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don’t like the color. Please show me _____one.

　　A. other B. the other C. another

　　16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.

　　A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself

　　17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.

　　A. some B. none C. all

　　18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.

　　A. someone B. anybody C. nobody

　　19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?

　　A. she B. his C. me

　　20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.

　　A. what B. how C. when

　　21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.

　　A. them B. their C. they

　　22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?

　　A. Where B. For what C. With whom

　　23. _____ isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.

　　A. That B. It C. This

　　24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.

　　A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this

　　25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.

　　A. you B. her C. mine

　　26.There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.

　　A. either B. all C. both

　　27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.

　　A. both B. neither C. all

　　28.---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?

　　---Sure. But you must take good care of it.

　　A. one B. it C. that

　　29.The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.

　　A. one B. it C. that

　　30.As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.

　　A. ourselves B. us C. myself

　　31.Never say you’re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.

　　A. something B. anything C. everything

　　32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.

　　A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor

　　33.---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?

　　---_______ is OK. I’m free these days.

　　A. Both B. All C. Either

　　34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.

　　A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few

　　35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.

　　A. It B. She C. This

　　36.The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.

　　A. ones B. that C. those

　　37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?

　　A. one B. it C. this

　　38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?

　　---_________. I enjoy using QQ.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. None

　　39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.

　　A. those B. that C. ones

　　40.We can’t leave our grandparents by _________.

　　A. they B. them C. themselves

　　41.---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.

　　A. a few B. little C. a little

　　42.---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn’t here. Maybe she’s ill.

　　A. someone B. anyone C. everyone

　　43.---Have you finished your task? ---No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.

　　A. less B. other C. another

　　44.Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.

　　A. One; another B. One; the other C. One; other

　　45.The old woman asked _______, “What should I do?”

　　A. herself B. her C. hers

　　46.Either you or I _______ right.

　　A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment.

　　A. it B. this C. that

　　48.It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.

　　A. so a B. a so C. such a

　　49._________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.

　　A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing

　　50.---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?

　　A. How B. Where C. For what

　　1-5 ABAAC 6-10 ACBBB 11-15 AAAAC 16-20 CBACB 21-25 ABBBC

　　26-30 CBACA 31-35 ACCBA 36-40 CBBAC 41-45 CCCBA 46-50 BACBC