现在完成时:
1.概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本结构: have/has + done
4.否定形式: have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。
6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问
7.注意:
1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别
have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地,现人已返回。(once ,twice ….)
have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地,人还未返回。(where is sb ?)
have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。(for…../ since …..)
2).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up
fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be
3).现在完成时的四种句型:
A).主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago
B).主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since …. ago .
C).It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式
D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式
His grandfather died two years ago .
His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years.
_____two years _____ his grandfather ____.
Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____.
4).现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与现在有关的时态,他侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关,若询问该动作发生的具体的时间时,只能用一般现在时。
Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has.
When ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon .