托福写作模拟试题：拯救即将灭绝的朱鹭鸟

　　综合写作新题回顾

　　阅读主要观点提取：

　　总论点：如今，世界上的只有hermit ibis仅剩500只。科学家觉得想要挽救它们有三个方面的困难。

　　困难一：它们的栖息地被破坏了。由于人类的扩张，占用并破坏了这些鸟的栖息地，所以它们不能筑巢来养育后代。

　　困难二：朱鹭鸟的蛋及幼鸟很容易被捕杀。乌鸦和秃鹰在生态系统中很重要，所以即使它们会吃hermit ibis，也不会被消灭掉。所以，朱鹭鸟的数量会不断减少。

　　困难三：圈养的朱鹭鸟若被放到野外，会丧失迁徙的能力。朱鹭鸟需要跟随它们的父母去习得如何迁徙，如何找到食物。若它们被圈养起来，就无法跟随父母学习这些能力。

　　听力主要观点提取：

　　总论点：另一些科学家认为朱鹭鸟可以克服阅读中提到的这些困难。

　　方法一：朱鹭鸟可以在被人类占领的地区筑巢。朱鹭鸟和其他鸟不一样，不一定在树上筑巢，它们可以在垂直的墙上或者炫耀峭壁上筑巢。有证据表明，朱鹭鸟就在人类修建的墙上筑巢了。

　　方法二：朱鹭鸟的蛋及幼鸟可以不被乌鸦和秃鹰吃掉。因为这些捕食者很容易就被吓跑了，如人吹口哨就可以吓跑一个想要入侵朱鹭鸟鸟巢的捕食者。并且，朱鹭鸟容易收到攻击的时间很短，所以只需要在这段时间用人类的口哨吓跑这些捕食者就可以避免朱鹭鸟数量继续下降。

　　方法三：朱鹭鸟可以和人类学习如何迁徙。朱鹭鸟小的时候可以被训练跟着小型的飞机飞行。所以，当飞行员沿着它们的迁徙路线飞行，这些幼鸟便可以学会如何迁徙。这个技术曾经被加拿大的科学家用来保护不同种类的濒危鸟类。

　　新托福综合写作范文：

　　The professor points out that the three difficulties to save the hermit ibis form extinction can be overcome.

　　First, the writer mentions that the hermit ibis’s habitat would be destroyed by humans. On the contrary, the professor demonstrates that the hermit ibis can build nests in the place settled by humans. Unlike other types of birds, the hermit ibis has an unusual requirement for its habitat, such as vertical walls or cliffs. As a result, they can build nests on vertical stone structures built by humans.

　　Second, different from the main idea mentioned in the reading passage, the lecturer states that hermit ibis’s eggs and juvenile birds can be protected from ravens and vultures. For one thing, these predators are easily frightened by human’s whistle. For another thing, the hermit ibis is vulnerable only in a short period of time, just before and after it hatches from an egg. So we can use a whistle to scare off the predators to reduce the damage from predators.

　　Finally, the writer presents that the hermit ibis cannot learn migratory route from their parents if it is raised in captivity. However, the professor refutes the opinion by saying that they can learn the routes from human. A young hermit ibis can be trained to follow a small light airplane in its migratory route. So they can find the migrate route by themselves after being released. This technique has been successfully used in Canada to increase population of endangered birds. (246words)