c.比喻
比喻可以用明喻,有标志性词,如as if, like. 也可以用暗喻,即没有明确的词表示“像…一样”。
题目:Is it better to change one’s attitude than to change one’s circumstances?
“I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.” The wind is the unchangeable circumstance, and the sail symbolized our attitude towards the world. The environment will be stable, but we can change our attitude to adapt it and manipulate it to serve us.
这段表达中就用“风与帆”比喻“环境和态度”,表意清晰,形象生动。
再如“A is to B what C is to D.”就是比喻,表达A对B的重要性,就好比C对D。C 对D,可以用 “water to fish”; “foundation to skyscraper”, 从而表达A对B的重要性不可忽略。
2 巧用副词
副词不仅可以修饰形容词、动词,也可修饰整个句子。巧用副词,可是文章更简洁更地道。
如:令人担忧的是,很多现代人,尤其是年轻人,一直受到不健康饮食的困扰。
Alarmingly, many modern people, especially youngsters, have been suffering from unwholesome eating habits.
Alarmingly修饰整个句子,不用冗长地表达为 “what worries people is that”。
再如“对身体有害”,与其表达为“be bad/harmful for one’s health”,倒不如用副词修饰形容词表达为“be physically detrimental”,既简洁又避免重复。同理,若想表达“对身心不利”,便可表达为“physically and mentally detrimental”。以下在补充一些托福写作中常用的副词
1) Considerably/tremendously/strikingly 非常,极其
2) Invariably常常,通常
3) Undoubtedly/indisputably/incontrovertibly毫无疑问
4) Increasingly 越来越多地
5) Most/exceedingly/exceptionally 格外地
6) Insightfully 富有见底地
7) Effectively and efficiently 有效果有效率地
8) Gradually and eventually 逐渐并最终
9) Readily=easily 容易地
10)economically and technologically 经济及技术上地。
愿考生可在托福写作中妙笔生花。