2013年托福阅读试题解析:句子插入题

　　█Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. █Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. █In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. █He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them.

　　12. Look at the four squares █ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

　　解题思路：

　　Insert Text question。该题型要求考生将一句话插入到原文四个黑色空格的其中一个当中，使得段落看起来更通顺。首先可以从这个单独的句子中找到暗示点，例如，本题待插入句子为：This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods. 主语部分为：这个对于感情的认知的普遍性。如果待插入句子中出现代词，则代词所指内容应当在该句之前出现，结合这道题目，在这个句子应当插入的空之前必有：对于感情认知的普遍性。这道题目选择第三个黑色方框，其之前的句子为：

　　Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. 意思是：另外，来自不同文化背景的人能够通过面部表情的识别来判断对方的情绪。来自不同文化背景的人都可以判断出来，这里暗示了universality 普遍性。同时，放在第三个空也可以对应后面的内容。待插入句子说到“demonstrated by using rather simple methods”：可以用简单的方式证明，对应第三个空后方的句子：In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs(在经典的研究项目当中)。

　　再来看一道题目，

　　Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. ■Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. ■The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines." ■By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. ■Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.

　　11. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

　　According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

　　首先我们来看待插入句子：According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 本句的前半句说道，According to Freud,(根据弗洛伊德的理论);后半句：impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression.被压抑的冲动会持续存在并且需要表达。这个句子是一句概括性的陈述，一般概括性陈述的后方需要有具体的细节句子来提供支持解释。所以这道题目选择第二个空。第二空格之后紧跟：The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines."(从某种意义上讲，弗洛伊德的观点是将人类看做“蒸汽机”)。这里既可以对应Freud，又有具体的细节交代，说持续存在的冲动，就好比蒸汽机，这里的steam engines是解释他观点的具体细节。