不可数名词 | 含义 |
advice | 建议、忠告 |
education | 教育 |
energy | 能量、精力 |
enjoyment | 享受、乐趣 |
environment | 环境 |
equipment | 设备 |
evidence | 证据 |
experience | 经验 |
friendship | 友谊 |
information | 信息、资料 |
knowledge | 知识 |
money | 金钱 |
pleasure | 欢乐 |
pollution | 污染 |
recreation | 娱乐、消遣 |
relaxation | 放松、消遣 |
transportation | 交通工具 |
violence | 暴力、侵犯 |
weather | 天气 |
独立写作常用特殊复数形式的名词
单数形式 | 复数形式 | 含义 |
analysis | analyses | 分析 |
basis | bases | 基础 |
crisis | crises | 危机 |
criterion | criteria | 标准 |
datum | data | 数据 |
hypothesis | hypotheses | 假设 |
medium | media | 媒体 |
phenomenon | phenomena | 现象 |
2.集合名词的单复数
我们来看下面的例句:
Technology is developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen.
在此句句子中,technology 是不可数名词。考生是否可以将这句句子改成:Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen呢?technology到底是可数名词还是不可数名词?
当technology理解为抽象的“科学技术”,即强调总称时,是不可数名词,如例句中的Technology is developing at a remarkable speed中的technology正是对“科学技术总称”的指代。当强调“各种各样”科技产品的时候,此时的technology则是可数名词,如例句 Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed. 这类名词称之为“集合名词”,在托福独立写作中,经常使用的“集合名词”还有government,如:
The central government is so concerned about keeping pandas in existence that it is spending millions of dollars trying to determine how to artificially inseminate the giant panda. (中央政府是一级具体的“政府机关”,因此使用可数名词形式)
It is crucial for government to setup more funds by attracting larger investments to solve financial problems encountered during the course of environment-related projects. (这里的政府是“行政机关的总称”,因此使用不可数名词形式)
3.名词的首字母大写
在哪些情况下,名词需要对其首字母进行大写(capitalization)?
表示月份:February
表示历史事件:The Enlightenment
表示历史时期:The Middle Ages
表示书刊、报纸:The New York Times,The Washington Post
表示节日:Christmas,the Spring Festival
表示国家(地区):North America
表示专有名词:the Amazon