2013年托福考试语法讲解考点:形容词修饰名词
形容词修饰名词
形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等
例题:
(1)
The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival.
应改为:certain.
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些
(2)
Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities.
应改为:visual.
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词
注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话:
The man was awake.
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语)
这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable
例题:www.ExamW.CoM
(1)
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means of on-the-spot, alive reports.
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的)
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道)
(2)
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also gather data from documentary and oral sources.
应改为:like
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉.
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等,
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题,
一般来说:这个排序的规则是:
冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your等)/指示代词(this, that等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名词
如: two young American students
my three red pencils