1. The socialization process explains ____ of societies through successive generations but also the ability of a society’s members to have meaningful interactions.
(A) that continuity, only not
(B) continuity, only not that
(C) the only continuity not
(D) not only the continuity
KEY:D
分析:第一步分析句子完整性,发现主谓齐全,缺少宾语。第二步观察四个选项,B和C搭配错误,A作为从句的话缺少谓语,由此得到D选项。
必要知识点:考点是固定搭配。 not only...but also 固定搭配。句子主谓完整,缺宾语,选D组成平行结果做宾语。
(A)如选that,则引导的从句无谓语;
(B)固定搭配错误;
(C)同B。
参考译文:社会化进程说明,不仅社会的连续性通过相续的数代人(得以实现),而且社会成员的能力(在社会化过程中)互相间产生了深远影响。
2. Heat transfer takes place when ____ with a warmer substance.
(A) is there a colder substance
(B) a colder substance comes into contact
(C) does the colder substance contact
(D) contacts a colder substance
KEY:B
分析:第一步分析句子完整性,发现主谓齐全。第二步观察四个选项,发现A和C语序错误,D作为从句缺少主语,由此得到B选项。
不必要知识点:考点是状语成分。when前是完整的主句,所以when引导时间状语从句。
(A)语序错误,成了疑问句语序
(C)同A
(D)从句无主语
参考译文:当一个相对更冷的物体与一个相对较暖的物体接触时,就会发生热传递。
3. Formerly called natural philosophy, physics has retained ____ of understanding the structure of the natural world and explaining natural phenomena.
(A) its original aim
(B) it aimed originally
(C) its original aim was
(D) aiming originally
KEY:A
分析:第一步分析句子完整性,主谓齐全,缺少宾语,首先排除B和C。第二步观察其余两个选项,发现D不能做宾语,由此得到A选项。
不必要知识点:考点是宾语成份。主句缺少宾语,只有名词短语,代词宾格,动名词和名词从句可以做宾语。of后为宾语的修饰成分。
(B)谓语重复,且无从句连接词
(C)同B
(D)现在分词做定语,选D仍缺宾语
参考译文:物理以前被称为自然科学,因此至今仍保持有它最初的目的,那就是理解自然界的构造,解释自然现象。
4. Some bird species have a song that is totally uninfluenced ____ environment during their development, whereas other species learn from other birds while young.
(A) the
(B) yet the
(C) since the
(D) by the
KEY:D
分析:第一步分析句子完整性,发现主谓齐全。第二步分析四个选项,不能得出结论。第三步看空前后的关系,发现是被动语态,很明显D是正确的。
不必要知识点:考点是状语成份。句主谓完整,that引导的定语从句也主谓完整,说明空格后应填状语成分。答案D,从句谓语为被动语态,by引导方式状语。
(A)缺状语连接词;
(B)同A,且时态错误;
(C)连接词与句意不符。
参考译文:有些鸟类的叫声完全受它们生长的环境影响,而另一些鸟类则是由于幼鸟阶段学其他鸟的叫声而形成它们现在的叫声的。
5. Prior to the eighteenth century, ____ storms formed and died out at the same location.
(A) a common belief that
(B) that a common belief
(C) it was commonly believed that
(D) because it was commonly believed
KEY:C
分析:第一步分析句子完整性,发现缺少主语和谓语,很明显C是正确的。
不必要知识点:考点是主谓结构。逗号前为状语,后面的主句缺主谓。答案C,it形式主语,that后的主语从句为真正主语。
(A)名词短语,不能做主谓成分构成句子;
(B)that引导的从句,且无法与后面衔接;
(D)从句无法作主语,错。
参考译文:18世纪前,普遍以为暴风雨是在同一位置形成和消失的。