现在分词
现在分词和过去分词的主要区别在于:现在分词表主动意义;过去分词表被动意义。
现在分词较过去分词形式灵活,除部分能接宾语之外,可有被动形式(being done)和完成式(having done, having been done), 当然being done和having been done也可理解成过去分词变形为进行式
1. 现在分词作定语
现在分词常接在名词之后作定语,经常可与定语从句替换
如:the man sitting behind me, 相当于:the man who is sitting behind me
the kids running about in the garden, 相当于:
the kids who are running about in the garden
单个的分词作定语可放在被修饰词之前,如:the sleeping baby, a running nose
改错题中若出现名词之后直接接动词,且之间是主谓关系,但不是句子主谓语,此处必定有错,可改为现在分词作定语
例题:
(1)
The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases.
应改为:boiling.
解释:沸点的英文表达应该是boiling point. 类似的表达如: boiling water(沸水); boiled表示已完成的状态, 如boiled water意为白开水, 即已沸腾过的水
(2)
The slide rule uses sliding scales with marks ---- numbers and their logarithms.
(A) representing
(B) represented
(C) are represented
(D) they are representing
答案:A
解释:空格前是句子的主谓成分,空格处需要marks的定语,C, D可先排除;B是被动式,无法接宾语numbers; 因此A正确,是现在分词作定语