Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water may flow on the surface of
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问答题【2019年真题】（2016上）Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water may flow on the surface of Mars during the planet's summer months. The confirmation of water on the surface of Mars is important and would raise a host of questions, chief among them: Where is the water coming from, and what does it mean for the prospect of life, past or present?
They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet's equatorial region. The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but had previously been unable to make the measurements.
The salt content of the water is important because without it, the water would freeze in Mars' bone-chilling temperatures. The water could be coming from subsurface ice, from salts attracting water from the thin Martian atmosphere or possibly bubbling up from an aquifer.
The discovery is important as it could affect thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present-day microbial life.
Mars reconnaissance orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated. Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot hone in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide.
But scientists created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100-percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.
Then,NASA declared "Mars mystery solved" in a press advisory without offering even a hint as to what mystery they meant. "It's a little bit of an over-the-top announcement by NASA," Ojha said. "There are so many mysteries to be solved."
Whatever the water's source,the prospect of liquid water,even seasonally,raises the intriguing prospect that Mars could support life. Much more information about the water's chemistry, however, would be needed before scientists could make that assessment.
NASA's ongoing Mars rover Curiosity has found evidence that Mars had all the ingredients and suitable habitats for microbial life to exist at some point in its past.
They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet's equatorial region. The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but had previously been unable to make the measurements.
The salt content of the water is important because without it, the water would freeze in Mars' bone-chilling temperatures. The water could be coming from subsurface ice, from salts attracting water from the thin Martian atmosphere or possibly bubbling up from an aquifer.
The discovery is important as it could affect thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present-day microbial life.
Mars reconnaissance orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated. Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot hone in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide.
But scientists created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100-percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.
Then,NASA declared "Mars mystery solved" in a press advisory without offering even a hint as to what mystery they meant. "It's a little bit of an over-the-top announcement by NASA," Ojha said. "There are so many mysteries to be solved."
Whatever the water's source,the prospect of liquid water,even seasonally,raises the intriguing prospect that Mars could support life. Much more information about the water's chemistry, however, would be needed before scientists could make that assessment.
NASA's ongoing Mars rover Curiosity has found evidence that Mars had all the ingredients and suitable habitats for microbial life to exist at some point in its past.
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