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2014年PETS四级语法复习讲义(五)

来源:考试网   2014-04-14【

  动词不定式

  1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

  To complete the 30-storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.

  To do that implies taking responsibility.

  当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。如:

  It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.

  It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:

  A. It is+形容词+(for/of sb.)+不定式,如:

  It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.

  It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.

  B. It is+名词+不定式

  It is a pity to have to go without her.

  C. It takes (sb.) some time +不定式

  It takes me three hours to learn English each day.

  2、不定式作表语

  不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词(idea, task, purpose)等,如:

  The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.

  3、不定式作宾语

  I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.

  She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.

  4、“wh-+不定式”结构

  不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why),以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语,其作用相当于一个从句,这样的不定式短语常常在某些动词后面作宾语。

  I couldn’t decide which book to choose.

  I can tell you where to get this book.

  “wh-word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外,还可以在句中作主语或者表语。如:

  When to start the program remains undecided.

  The question is how to put the plan into practice.

  

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