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Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?Since OPEC agreed to supply—cuts in March， the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26 a barrel.up from less than$10 last December.This near—tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 0il shock，when prices quadrupled，and 1979—80，when they also almost tripled.Both previous shocks resulted in double—digit inflation and global economic decline.So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The Oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.Strengthening economic growth，at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere，could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there ale good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the l970s.In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the l970s.In Europe，taxes account for up to four—fifths of the retail price，so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were.and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation，a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy，energy—intensive industries has reduced oil consumption.Software.consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50%less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that，its oil prices averaged$2 a barrel for a full year，compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25—0.5%of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 0r 1980.On the other hand，oil-importing emerging economies--to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive，and so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，unlike the rises in the 1970s，it has not oc— carred against the background of general commodity—price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchang— ing from a year a90.In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%and in 1979 by almost 30%.
61.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_____.
[A]global inflation
[B]reduction in supply
[C]fast growth in economy
[D]Iraq’s suspension of exports
62.It call be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_____.
[A]price of crude rises
[B]commodity prices rise
[C]consumption rises
[DJ oil taxes rise
63.The estimates in Economic Outllok show that in rich countries_____.
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive
[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices
[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
64.We can draw a conclusion from the text that______.
[A]oil—price shocks are less shocking now
[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil—price shocks
[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry
65.From the text we can see that the writer seems_____.
[A]optimistic
[B]sensitive
[C]gloomy
[D]scared
