Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people
depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Under modern conditions, this requires
varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of
specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized (利用 )to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or develop
resources hitherto ( 到目前为止 ) unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing
number of international
projects related to scientific and technological
manpower of all
kinds. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are
feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations (创新 ) for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, in the early industrialized countries of Europe, the process of industrialization
— with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed
— was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions
within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements — themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
1)
What is believed to directly affect the welfare of people according to the passage?
A. Varying measures of centralized control
B. Economic strength and wealth of the community.
C. Economists and operational research experts.
D. Help of specialized scientists. 2)
How can the governments do to promote the production?
A. By interfering in different sectors that can promote science and technology to ensure
smooth operation
B. By asking the scientists and technologists to improve efficiency.
C. By utilizing natural resources to the best advantage.
D. By changing the structure of education to train more scientists.
3)
What can be inferred from the development in mass-communications?
A. People are constantly changing their customs and ideas.
B. People always want something new and remarkable to feel better.
C. Governments are under greater pressure of bringing about new inventions.
D. Governments are often forced to keep up with new customs and ideas.
4)
What has posed pressures and problems for the governments concerned according to the
passage?
A. Social changes throughout the world are speeding up compared with the past.
B. The rate of social changes in the early industrialized countries is becoming slow now.
C. The far-reaching
changes in social patterns can be spread over in a developing
country within a decade.
D. The normal rate of social changes is taking place at a steady speed.
5)Why are governments
becoming
increasingly
dependent
on biologists
and social
scientists?
A. Because governments need to handle social stresses and problems.
B. Because governments want to learn from early industrialized countries.
C. Because governments have to make modern means of transport relatively easy.
D. Because governments need them for the industrialization of their own countries.
参考答案：
1) B 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) A
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