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2018年公共英语一级语法讲解:宾语从句

来源:华课网校   2018-06-16【

2018年公共英语一级语法讲解:宾语从句

  宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。

  1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:

  He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

  She doesn't know (that)she is seriously ill.

  I am sure (that) he will succeed.

  2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:

  Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?

  He asked whose handwriting was the best.

  Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

  I don't know why the train is late.

  3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如: I want to know if(whether)he lives there.

  He asked me whether(if)I could help him.

  【宾语从句歌诀】

  宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。

  展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。

  主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。

  陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。

  特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。

  三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。

  留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。

  【歌诀解码】

  (一)、三姊妹

  宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:

  1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如

  We knew(that)we should learn from each other.

  2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如

  Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

  3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:

  Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

  (二)、三关

  1. 引导词关

  如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

  2. 语序关

  ①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:

  He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

  ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:

  Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard.

  When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

  3. 时态关

  ①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:

  I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

  ②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如: He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

  注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。

  如: He said that light travels much faster than sound.

  (三)、人称的变化和标点的使用

  1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:

  “May I use your knife?” He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

  “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me.

  →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

  2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:

  Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

  Do you know? Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?

  (四)、两副面孔

  if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:

  If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

  I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

  (五)、从句的简化

  1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:

  She found that the wallet was lying on the ground.

  →She found the wallet lying on the ground.

  2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:

  She agreed that she could help me with my maths.

  →She agreed to help me with my maths.

  3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:

  Can you tell me how I can get to the station?

  →Can you tell me how to get to the station?

  【习题范例】

  1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.

  A. where does she live B. Where she lives

  C. where did she live D. where she lived

  【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。

  2. Would you please tell me ________?

  A. when did he come home B. where he would play football

  C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game

  【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

  3. I don’t know when __________.

  A. will the train leave B. the train will leave

  C. would the train leave D. the train leave

  【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

  4. ---We don’t know _____________. ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.

  A. what he is B. if he lives here

  C. where he comes from D. which country is he from

  【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知:他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对,只有C正确。

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